PRINCIPLE OF THE GRAVITATION ENGINE BASED ON "CONTINUOUS WEIGHT-TRANSFER" METHOD

ABSTRACT:
Of all the inexhaustible energies like Solar, Wind, Wave etc., Gravitation energy is by far the best and superior. It is available in all locations of the earth and does not depend on conditions on which the other similar energies depend. However, in spite of such advantages, no gravitation energy based engine has still been invented. Gravitation energy is utilized in the production of Hydro-electricity. However, the dependence on the varying level water has rendered the production of Hydro-electricity quite problematic.

Gravitation is capable of producing acceleration on a mass @ 9.8 meter/sec2, which is quite considerable. When it was found that the advantage of a free falling mass due to gravitation could not be utilized due to obvious reasons, many alternate methods for the same were thought. One such attempt was to use the rotating motion of a wheel. Gravitation fails to work on the rotating wheel because it is balanced on two sides. One attempt to create imbalance was by immersing part of the wheel in water that causes anything to lose weight. The endeavor did not come out successful because water stays horizontally at the bottom, where the imbalance required for gravitation is on two sides of the wheel.

In the above context the current article proposes a principle for creation of imbalance in a wheel by using 'weight-transfer' method. In this method the author has proposed the fixing of a number of 'special devices' on selected locations of a rotating wheel. The mechanism in the special device makes a part of the device to change location with the rotation of the wheel. It is obvious that the cumulative effect of the changing positions of the special devices in the rotating wheel would make one half lighter than the other. This imbalance may be utilized for producing torque, which, on one hand may keep the wheel running without the help of any external fuel and on the other, may run any type of rotating machine including dynamo.

ARTICLE TEXT:
PRINCIPLE OF THE GRAVITATION ENGINE
BASED ON "CONTINUOUS WEIGHT-TRANSFER" METHOD
Prof. Bijon Behari Sarma

PREAMBLE:
Of all the inexhaustible energies like Solar, Wind, Wave etc., Gravitation energy is by far the best and superior. It is available in all locations of the earth and does not depend on conditions on which the other similar energies depend. However, in spite of such advantages, no gravitation energy based engine has still been invented. Gravitation energy is utilized in the production of Hydro-electricity. However, the dependence on the varying level water has rendered the production of Hydro-electricity quite problematic.

Gravitation is capable of producing acceleration on a mass @ 9.8 meter/sec2, which is quite considerable. When it was found that the advantage of a free falling mass due to gravitation could not be utilized due to obvious reasons, many alternate methods for the same were thought. One such attempt was to use the rotating motion of a wheel. Gravitation fails to work on the rotating wheel because it is balanced on two sides. One attempt to create imbalance was by immersing part of the wheel in water that causes anything to lose weight. The endeavor did not come out successful because water stays horizontally at the bottom, where the imbalance required for gravitation is on two sides of the wheel.

In the above context the current article proposes a principle for creation of imbalance in a wheel by using 'weight-transfer' method. In this method the author has proposed the fixing of a number of 'special devices' on selected locations of a rotating wheel. The mechanism in the special device makes a part of the device to change location with the rotation of the wheel. It is obvious that the cumulative effect of the changing positions of the special devices in the rotating wheel would make one half lighter than the other. This imbalance may be utilized for producing torque, which, on one hand may keep the wheel running without the help of any external fuel and on the other, may run any type of rotating machine including dynamo.

INTRODUCTION:
Engines give rotational force or torque to machines which then do various types of works or produce energy. The engines are run by many types of fuels prominent among which are, exhaustible or non-renewable type (like, fossil and biological fuels), renewable type (like, hydro-fuel, spring energy etc.) and the non-exhaustible type (like, solar, wind, wave, gravitation energy etc.). Out of the non-exhaustible type of energies, Gravitation is by far the best and unfortunately has been utilized the least. The most prominent use of gravitation energy is in the production of hydro-electricity, where the production is often hampered due to the availability of water. In such a context, the author has endeavored to find out the principle of using gravitation for running an engine. The engine starts with a wheel, which normally does not maintain its rotating motion unless external force is applied. The author proposed to use the gravitational force for this purpose. The rotational force or torque will be produced in the wheel by making its two sides to weigh differently. The mechanism will make its right-hand side heavier. In such a situation the wheel shall endeavor to establish equilibrium by bringing the heavier right-hand side below. This new position, however, shall again create imbalance again by making the right-hand side heavier. The proposed mechanism shall continue creating this situation so long the wheel shall continue rotation. The following points have been taken into consideration for formulating the design.

(i) The inertia or angular motion of the wheel shall depend upon its mass. The heavier the mass, the more will be the inertia.
(ii) The force for rotational movement will be created due to the imbalance or difference in weight in the two sides of the wheel.
(iii) The difference in weight will be created by a number of movable weights, which will change positions due to the movement of the wheel.
(iv) The effective weight of the movable weights on the rotation of the wheel will be given by the product of following: (a) mass of the weight (m), (b) distance of the mass from the central plane passing through axis, (iii) gravitation (g) and (iv) Height (h).

Brief Description:
The proposed 'Gravitation engine' resembles a wheel, made of a number of spokes radiating from the central axle and ending in a circular outer rim. The number of spokes may vary. In the small model, the number of spokes may be about eight. In larger models it may be twenty-four or thirty-two. However, in the proposed model we have shown eight spokes only. A side elevation of the wheel has been shown in Fig. No. 01. As for precondition, it has been taken that in this position the wheel would rotate in the clock-wise direction.

At the middle of all the spokes, there is one arrangement shown as "Special device". In Fig. No. 01 the special devices have been shown above the spokes on the right-hand side and below the spokes on the left-hand side. Details of this device has been shown in Fig. 02. In this device, a rod, nearly half size of the free length of the spoke has been fixed on the left by a hinge. On the extreme right of this rod, there is a heavy weight weighing say, 'm'. The rod along with the weight can move freely through an angle of about 135 Degrees.

Working Principle:
Let us say, at the initial stage all the weights in all the Special device have been tied to the spoke. At this stage the weight of the left-hand side of the wheel will be equal to that of the right-hand side. Now let us untie the special devices, instantly it will take the view shown in Fig. 01. Let us now compare the weights of the two sides of the wheel in this position. Since the wheel has been constructed in a symmetric design with identical members, we can say that the weight of the left hand side will be the same as the right-hand side, excepting however, the movable weights. Whereas there will be no change in their mass, their weight on the wheel, or in other words, torque will be decided by their distance from the central plane.

WEIGHT OF THE LEFT-HAND SIDE WEIGHT OF THE RIGHT-HAND SIDE
Spoke no. Mass Distance from the centre Spoke no. Mass Distance from the centre

02 m (gram to ton) 0.4 .4m 06 m (gram to ton) 0.8 .8m
03 m (gram to ton) 0.5 .5m 07 m (gram to ton) 1.0 1m
04 m (gram to ton) 0.4 .4m 08 m (gram to ton) 0.8 .8m
05 m (gram to ton) 0.3 .3m 01 m (gram to ton) 0.0 0
Total 1.6m Total 2.6m
Difference in mass : 2.6 m - 1.6 m = 1.0 m.

The torque produced due to imbalance in the wheel will be given by : mass (m) X gravitation (g) X Height (h). For small distance we can easily ignore the difference in height. So, the torque available in the wheel will be equal to 1.0 m g, where 1.00 indicates length in some unit and g = 9.8 Meter/sec2.

Part of this Torque will be utilized for maintaining the inertia or angular momentum of the wheel and the rest will be available for work. The torque from the axle of the wheel may be taken to the desired machine by using belt, chain or bevel gear arrangement.

The various means in which the torque of the wheel can be increased are :
(i) Using bigger wheel with longer spokes,
(ii) Using heavier weight in the special device,
(iii) Using multiple sets of special device on the spokes,
(iv) Using multiple sandwiched layers of wheels etc.

CONCLUSION:
Of all the energies so far utilized, probably Gravitation is the most appropriate one available in this world. Whereas non-exhaustible energies like Solar, Wind and Wave energies have many limitations including dependence o locations, gravitation has none.

What has been explained above is one principle thought of by this author, for utilizing the earth's gravitation energy in running the "Gravitation Engine". The rotation of the Gravity engine can be directly utilized for operating small to medium fixed-type machines starting from clocks to toys and fans. It is possible to construct Gravity engines with various size, starting from tiny version to extremely large version. There may be some problems in moving these engines from one place to another. However, a much better use of this machine may to produce electricity by using dynamos.

The design of the Gravity Engine is one of the easiest thing is this world. The designer does not have to take care for the efficiency or economy of the engine, because it has no cost for fuel, it is pollution-free and needs minimum maintenance. The capacity of the engine can be increased at will by increasing its size, weight of the additional weights, number of wheels etc.

A machine having three Meter diameter may be used for running dynamos and thus to produce electricity adequate for a small to medium size residential building for all time to come. In case its design becomes large, that should not create any big problem because such engines can easily be accommodated on the roof or in the basement. Two or three small engines or a large gravitation engine can run the dynamo to supply adequate electricity for a commercial building. By that way, it is in fact possible to eliminate the hazardous high-voltage electric lines passing through the residential areas of busy cities. It is also possible that a few fifty meter high wheels can meet the power of a small to medium city.

Gravitation engines cost nothing for fuel, it is free from pollution, the energy used in it has no failure for whatsoever reason and it needs extremely negligible maintenance and supervision. There are reasons to believe that after going through this article the experts might be convinced of its viability. What is essential in order to become sure about the viability of this principle is to conduct experiments, make models and find out the efficiency. It should be noted that this article is a schematic presentation of the principle prepared by the author and it might need necessary modifications before application in the practical field.
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