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Optical Sedimentation Recorder (OSR) for Tracking the Ocean's Carbon Flux

IB-2196 APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: In appearance and size similar to a compressed gas cylinder, the OSR is a multi-platform instrument that: • Precisely measures the ocean’s hourly variations of sedimentation of particulate inorganic and organic carbon material for seasons to years • Comb
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PhyloChip: DNA Microarray for Rapid Profiling of Microbial Populations

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: • Monitoring airborne bacteria for bioterrorism surveillance • Berkeley Lab’s DNA Microarray for Rapid Profiling of Microbial Populations, also called PhyloChip. • Tracking microbial changes in the atmosphere due to climate change • Detecting harmful and beneficial
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Bore II - Advanced Wellbore Technology Characterizes Groundwater Flow and Contamination

APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY: • Contaminated site and remedial investigation studies • Municipal water supply studies • EPA wellhead protection area and groundwater management/protection studies • Geotechnical pretesting for construction and design ADVANTAGES: • Identifies water-bearing zones a
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Gas Exploration Software for Reducing Uncertainty in Gas Concentration Estimates

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: Improve estimation of reservoir parameters and quantify uncertainty in the estimation when exploring for gas and oil deposits using geophysical data ADVANTAGES: • Provides extensive uncertainty information to reduce the chances of drilling in uneconomical locations
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Tunable Thermal Link

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - Electronic and thermal circuit design and operation - Solar energy collection - Heat pumps and internal combustion engines - Hybrid biological/inorganic systems - Phononic information processing - Energy-efficient buildings and appliances, such as refrigerators AD
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Boron Nitride Nanotubes with Modified Surfaces

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - Mechanical reinforcements and composites, e.g. cell phone cases, structural elements of aircraft - Batteries, supercapacitors - Fuel cell components - Transistors, biosensors - Field emission sources - Electronic circuits - Scaffolds for novel chemistries - Deep ultr
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Employee-Identification-Triggered First Aid Box

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - Ensure ready access to and inventory control of emergency response supplies - Ensure communication to allow for proper response and follow-up of emergency incidents - Replenish emergency supplies to prepare for next response ADVANTAGES: - Detects and identifies emp
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LABELIT – Software for Macromolecular Diffraction Data Processing

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - Automatically index X-ray diffraction images - Quickly summarize the diffraction quality - Determine Laue symmetry from a partial dataset ADVANTAGES: - Makes visual inspection of images unnecessary - Better algorithms for spot picking - More robust indexing procedu
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Nanotube Radio for Communications and Medical Applications

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - All-in-one radio receiver for cell phones/wireless networks/GPS and other electronic devices - Radio controlled devices that can exist inside the body, e.g. used as drug release triggers, diagnostic instrumentation, interfacing with muscle or brain function - Ultra sma
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Flooring Device for Postioning on Joists

A FLOOR APPARATUS FOR FORMING A FLOOR OVER EXPOSED JOISTS IN AN ATTIC,THE APPARATUS COMPRISING: A PLURALITY OF SUBSTANTIALLY RIGID PANELS ARRANGED ADJACENT TO EACH OTHER IN A SERIES, EACH OF THE PANELS HAVING A TOP SIDE, A PAIR OF RELATIVELY LONGER AND OPPOSITE SIDE EDGES: AND CONNECTING EACH PANEL
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Device and method of positionally accurate implantation of individual particles in a substrate surface

A device and a method for positionally accurate implantation of individual particles in a substrate surface (1a) are described. A diaphragm for a particle beam to be directed onto the substrate surface (1a) and a detector provided thereon in the form of a p-n junction for determining a secondary ele
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Rough Silicon Nanowires for Heat Harvesting and Cooling Applications

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - Heat harvesting - Electricity for internal automobile use, i.e. heating, windows - Conversion of automotive exhaust into supplemental power for hydrogen fuel cell-powered cars - Power jackets using heat from human body to power electronic devices - Thermoelectric coo
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New Multimodal Probes Compatible with Flourescence and MRI

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - Effective as multimodal probes for: - Imaging - Targeting specific cells or tissue - Therapeutics delivery and imaging in vivo or in vitro - Detects locality and size of diseased cells by MRI, PET, ESR, or deep tissue NIR with greater sensitivity than possible with ex
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Termite Microbial Enzymes for Energy Efficient Biofuel Production

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: Converting plant lignocellulosic biomass to simple sugars for fermentation into biofuels, and hydrogen. ADVANTAGES: - Promises to be more energy and chemically efficient than the fungal enzymes currently in use - Combinations of the enzymes could be optimized for a p
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Low Power, High Energy Gamma Ray Detector Calibration Device

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - Calibrating the energy output and efficiency of high resolution HPGe detectors used in environmental monitoring and physics research - Calibrating large gamma ray detectors being developed for homeland security cargo screening and neutrino detectors - Educating physici
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Focused Electron and Ion Beam Systems

ABSTRACT: An electron beam system is based on a plasma generator in a plasma ion source with an accelerator column. The electrons are extracted from a plasma cathode in a plasma ion source, e.g. a multicusp plasma ion source. The beam can be scanned in both the x and y directions, and the system ca
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Sub-5 Nanosecond Neutron Generator for Detection of Explosives

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - Screening of luggage and cargo for explosives and fissile material - Gamma ray and neutron detection ADVANTAGES: - Produces short 5 nanosecond neutron pulses - Minimizes alignment problems - Reduces RF input power requirement - Removes spurious background particle
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Composites with Graded Microstructures for Orthopedic Implants and Bone Tissue Engineering

An inorganic scaffold with a strong, dense core and graded porosity is infiltrated with different polymers to provide a gradient in solubility. Porosity is greatest at the surface, promoting cell attachment and formation of new tissue. APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - Orthopedic implants with
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Graded Bioactive Glass and Glass/Ceramic Coatings for Metal Bone Implants

Bioactive glass can be tuned to the same thermal expansion coefficient as the titanium (Ti) alloy it coats, avoiding the generation of thermal stresses. Processing at 800°C results in a 100-nm-thick adhesive interface layer between the coating and the Ti alloy. - Bone implants - Dental imp
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Injectible Hydrogel-Based Biodegradable Bone Replacement Materials

Microstructure of a FlexBone hydrogel/HA composite (the white dots are HA particles). APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - Bone implants - Dental implants - Injectable bone cements - Drug delivery - Scaffolds for bone tissue engineering ADVANTAGES: - Promotes natural bone growth as it biodegra
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Low Cost, High Efficiency Tandem Silicon Solar Cells

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: Berkeley Lab's solar cell design incorporating the low-resistance tunnel junction. The tunnel junction is between the middle two materials. Inexpensive tandem silicon solar cells ADVANTAGES: - Boosts silicon solar cell efficiency without significant cost increase
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Membrane and Receptors for Highly Selective Gas-Phase Sensing

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: Comparative binding assay data suggests the levels of binding to TNT for the DNT designated receptor are on the order of non-specific interaction, confirming that the designated receptor is indeed selective for the DNT target. The selectivity between TNT and DNT is sign
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Microgels with Acid-Degradable Polymer Backbones for Delivering Bioactive Materials

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: Berkeley Lab synthesis of linear acid-degradable polymers and protein-loaded particles. - Targeted delivery of protein and DNA-based therapeutics - Vaccine delivery - Cancer immunotherapy - Site-specific treatment of inflammation - Anti-sense therapy ADVANTAGES: -
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High Frequency Abacus Nanotube Resonator

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: Filter or amplifier for microwave frequency and RF electronics, e.g. cell phones, personal music devices Mass sensor ADVANTAGES: - Frequencies over 4 GHz - Operates at ambient temperatures and pressures without significant loss of resonance quality - Individually tun
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Thermal Profiling of Nanoscale Circuitry

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - Thermal management of small devices and systems, whether semiconductor electronics, nanofluidics, or photovoltaics - Design, prototyping and characterization of new circuit models - High-resolution measurement at extreme temperatures ADVANTAGES: - Does not interfer
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High Selectivity Peptides for Cancer Therapy, Screening for Cancer Therapies, and Therapy Sensitization

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - High-throughput screening for therapeutics that synergize with TIN2 complex disruption - Sensitizing cancer cells to other therapeutic agents - Therapy for multiple types of cancer exhibiting p53-negative cancer cells ADVANTAGES: - Targets a subset of aggressive ca
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Non-Surgical Skin Enhancement Through Rhamm Protein Modulation

This invention is not a product, but an early-stage technology available to qualified companies for licensing or research partnering. Rhamm deletion promotes subcutaneous fat in mice APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - Normalizing skin appearance after reconstructive or cosmetic surgery, i.e. graft
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Electrospray Emitters for Integrating Mass Spectrometry with Microfluidic Devices

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - Multinozzle electrospray emitters for proteome-on-a-chip - Mass spectroscopy of peptides and biomolecules with a wide range of weights - Process for fabricating complex silicon-based bioanalytical tools ADVANTAGES: - First monolithic interface between mass spec
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Air-stable Nanomaterials for Efficient OLEDs and Solar Cells

Berkeley Lab researchers have developed two approaches for increasing the charge efficiencies of electrodes used to produce flexible organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and solar cells. Both approaches will reduce manufacturing and packaging costs. ________________________________________________
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Methods and Proteins for Developing New Classes of Antibiotics

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - Antibiotics for human and veterinary medicine - Pesticides for crop management - Food preservatives - Genes engineered into probiotic bacteria ADVANTAGES: - Overcomes antibiotic-resistance of bacteria - Isolates new types of antimicrobial proteins that can be used
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Amorphous Silicon Array for Medical Imaging

APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY: In medical imaging, this device can provide for real-time electronic imaging in digital radiography (x-rays) and serve as a detector in computerized tomography (CAT scans). One application in medical radiation therapy is related to cancer treatment. Sophisticated techniqu
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Assays Based on the Role of Dystroglycan and Alpha-Dystroglycan Proteolysis in Tumor Cell Growth

PATENT SUMMARY: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for the diagnosis and treatment of cells lacking normal growth arresting characteristics. This characteristic is referred to as "tumorigenicity," which means the properties of a cell normally associated with tumor forming pro
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Biomarker for Cell Senescence

A test developed by Berkeley National Laboratory researchers uses blue stain to detect the presence of senescent cells. The assay top left shows young tissue with no presence of blue; top right is young sunburned tissue, also negative. Older tissue cells, pictured in the bottom four assays, contain
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Partnership to Develop a Furniture-Like Biohazard Control Station

Berkeley Lab is seeking a qualified partner(s) to work with us in the development of a Biohazard Control Station (BCS) which we see as a furniture-like piece of equipment fitting into the modern office setting. A BCS will be employed to safely open potentially contaminated mail at various distributi
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Novel Catalyst Exchanges Deuterium or Tritium into Organic and Organometallic Compounds

APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY: Preparing deuterium- or tritium-labeled organic and organometallic compounds for: - Manufacturing pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and agricultural products - Spectroscopic experiments - Research on chemical structure and reaction mechanisms - Analytical tracers ADVAN
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Color and Shape Changing Polymeric Ribbons and Sheets

PATENT APPLICATION ABSTRACT: The present invention provides the design, synthesis and characterization of compositions comprising asymmetric bolaamphiphilic lipids that form extended polymeric ribbons and wide sheets. These compositions may be doped, or interspersed, with various compounds to fine-
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Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensors for Rapid and Direct Detection of Influenza, E. coli and Other Analytes

APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY: - Rapid test kits for influenza and other diseases - Simple detection of E. coli and other bacteria in foods or on surfaces - Drug development and improvement - Detection of DNA hybridization - Detecting pollutants DEMONSTRATED DETECTION: Influenza, E. coli, cholera t
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Comprehensive Prognostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets for Drug-Resistant Breast Cancers

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: Under a microscope, fluorescent markers (right) reveal amplified genes in the chromosomes of a breast tumor’s cells. - Identifying patients with breast cancers that are resistant to conventional chemotherapies and developing new treatment strategies for them - Screeni
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Early Identification of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques Using in Vivo MIR Spectroscopy and Imaging

APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY: - Predicting future recurrence of acute coronary syndromes - In vitro mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy imaging of cells influencing atherosclerosis development - In vivo characterization of atherosclerotic plaques - Monitoring the effect of medical treatment on plaques
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Fast Scintillation Detectors Using Direct-Gap Semiconductors

APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY: - Detection of ionizing radiation (e.g. x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons) - Nuclear materials detection - Nondestructive materials evaluation - Nuclear medical imaging - Electromagnetic shower counters for high energy physics and astrophysics - Oil well logging ADVANTAGES
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Full Karyotype Analysis for Increasing Pregnancy Rates per IVF Cycle

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - Screening all 24 chromosomes for numeric chromosome abnormalities during Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis - Diagnosing disease states requiring cytogenetic analysis - Monitoring the effects of accidental or occupational exposure to environmental hazards ADVANTAGES
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Genes Encoding Telomere-Associated Proteins

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: - Molecular biology research - Medical research ABSTRACT: Telomeres are believed to be critical regulators of the genome, and telomere stability important for preventing cancer and ageing. Regulation of telomere length is believed to be controlled by multiple telomere
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High Quantum Efficiency Charge-Coupled Device

APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: Low-level light imaging (Astronomical research, Raman Spectroscopy) ADVANTAGES: - Back illuminated - High near-IR quantum efficiency without fringing - Excellent broadband wavelength response - Fully depleted for improved spatial resolution - Simplified fabrication -
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Low-resistivity Photon-transparent Window Attached to Photo-sensitive Silicon Detector

AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES Low-resistivity Photon-transparent Window Attached to Photo-sensitive Silicon Detector APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY: - Medical Imaging - Other Digital Scanning technologies ADVANTAGES: - Inexpensive and efficient - High quantum efficiency without thinning - Backlighting
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Method for Charging a Hydrogen Getter

A method for charging a sample of either a permanent or reversible getter material with a high concentration of hydrogen while maintaining a base pressure below 10.sup.-4 torr at room temperature involves placing the sample of hydrogen getter material in a chamber, activating the sample of hydrogen
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Method for Improving the Durability of Ion Insertion Materials

The invention provides a method of protecting an ion insertion material from the degradative effects of a liquid or gel-type electrolyte material by disposing a protective, solid ion conducting, electrically insulating, layer between the ion insertion layer and the liquid or gel-type electrolyte mat
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Method and Apparatus for Rapid Biohydrogen Phenotypic Screening of Microorganisms Using a Chemochromic Sensor

The invention provides an assay system for identifying a hydrogen-gas-producing organism, including a sensor film having a first layer comprising a transition metal oxide or oxysalt and a second layer comprising hydrogen-dissociative catalyst metal, the first and second layers having an inner and an
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Method of High-Purity Silane Preparation

A process for the preparation of high purity silane, suitable for forming thin layer silicon structures in various semiconductor devices and high purity poly- and single crystal silicon for a variety of applications, is provided. Synthesis of high-purity silane starts with a temperature assisted rea
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Microwave Impregnation of Porous Materials with Thermal Energy Storage Materials

A method for impregnating a porous, non-metallic construction material with a solid phase-change material is described. The phase-change material in finely divided form is spread onto the surface of the porous material, after which the porous material is exposed to microwave energy for a time suffic
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Thermostable Purified Endoglucanase II from Acidothermus Cellulolyticus ATTC

A purified low molecular weight endoglucanase II from Acidothermus cellulolyticus (ATCC 43068) is disclosed. The endoglucanase is water soluble, possesses both C.sub.1, and C.sub.x types of enzyme activity, a high degree of stability toward heat, and exhibits optimum temperature activity at about 81
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Thermal Tolerant Cellulase from Acidothermus Cellulolyticus

The invention provides a thermal tolerant cellulase that is a member of the glycoside hydrolase family. The invention further discloses this cellulase as GuxA. GuxA has been isolated and characterized from Acidothermus cellulolyticus. The invention further provides recombinant forms of the identifie
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Synthesis of an Acid Addition Salt of Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid from 5-Bromo Levulinic Acid Esters

A process of preparing an acid addition salt of delta-aminolevulinic acid comprising:dissolving a lower alkyl 5-bromolevulinate and an alkali metal diformylamide in an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and methylfor
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Synthesis of Acid Addition Salt of Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid from 5-Bromo Levulinic Acid Esters

A process of preparing an acid addition salt of delta-aminolevulinc acid comprising:a) dissolving a lower alkyl 5-bromolevulinate and hexamethylenetetramine in a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile, to for
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Supercritical Separation Process for Complex Organic Mixtures

A process is disclosed for separating low molecular weight components from complex aqueous organic mixtures. The process includes preparing a separation solution of supercritical carbon dioxide with an effective amount of an entrainer to modify the solvation power of the supercritical carbon dioxide
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Sterilization of Fermentation Vessels by Ethanol/Water Mixtures

A method for sterilizing process fermentation vessels with a concentrated alcohol and water mixture integrated in a fuel alcohol or other alcohol production facility. Hot, concentrated alcohol is drawn from a distillation or other purification stage and sprayed into the empty fermentation vessels. T
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Stable zymomonas mobilis xylose and arabinose fermenting strains

The present invention briefly includes a transposon for stable insertion of foreign genes into a bacterial genome, comprising at least one operon having structural genes encoding enzymes selected from the group consisting of xylAxylB, araBAD and tal/tkt; and at least one promoter for expression of t
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Single Zymomonas Mobilis Strain for Xylose and Arabinose Fermentation

This invention relates to single microorganisms which normally do not ferment pentose sugars which are genetically altered to ferment the pentose sugars, xylose and arabinose, to produce ethanol, and a fermentation process utilizing the same. Examples include Zymomonas mobilis which has been transfo
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Sequential Pyrolysis of Plastic to Recover Polystyrene HCL and Terephthalic Acid

A process of pyrolyzing plastic waste feed streams containing polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene and polyethylene to recover polystyrene HCl and terephthalic acid comprising: heating the plastic waste feed stream to a first temperature; adding an acid or base catalyst on an
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Recombinant Zymomonas Mobilis with Improved Xylose Utilization

A strain derived from Zymomonas mobilis ATCC31821 or its derivative capable of producing ethanol upon fermentation of a carbohydrate medium containing xylose to provide enhanced xylose utilization and enhanced ethanol process yield, the strain or its derivative comprising exogenous genes encoding xy
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ZnO/Cu(InGa)Se, Solar Cells Prepared by Vapor Phase Zn Doping

A process for making a thin film ZnO/Cu(InGa)Se.sub.2 solar cell without depositing a buffer layer and by Zn doping from a vapor phase, comprising: depositing Cu(InGa)Se.sub.2 layer on a metal back contact deposited on a glass substrate; heating the Cu(InGa)Se.sub.2 layer on the metal back contact o
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Wafer Characteristics via Reflectometry and Wafer Processing Apparatus and Method

This system includes a measuring device to acquire non-contact thickness measurements of a wafer and a laser beam to cut the wafer at a rate based at least in part on one or more thicknesses measurements. The method includes illuminating a substrate with radiation, measuring at least some radiation
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Voltage-Matched, Monolithic, Multi-Band-Gap Devices

Monolithic, tandem, photonic cells include at least a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer, wherein each semiconductor layer includes an n-type region, a p-type region, and a given band-gap energy. Formed within each semiconductor layer is a sting of electrically connected phot
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Vertical Two Chamber Reaction Furnace

A vertical two chamber reaction furnace. The furnace comprises a lower chamber having an independently operable first heating means for heating the lower chamber and a gas inlet means for admitting a gas to create an ambient atmosphere, and an upper chamber disposed above the lower chamber and havin
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Variable Temperature Semiconductor Film Deposition

A method of depositing a semiconductor material on a substrate. The method sequentially comprises (a) providing the semiconductor material in a depositable state such as a vapor for deposition on the substrate; (b) depositing the semiconductor material on the substrate while heating the substrate to
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Use of Separate ZnTe Interface Layers to Form OHMIC Contacts to p-CdTe Films

A method of improving electrical contact to a thin film of a p-type tellurium-containing II-VI semiconductor comprising:depositing a first undoped layer of ZnTe on a thin film of p-type tellurium containing II-VI semiconductor with material properties selected to limit the formation of potential bar
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Ultra-Accelerated Natural Sunlight Exposure Testing Facilities

A multi-faceted concentrator apparatus for providing ultra-accelerated natural sunlight exposure testing for sample materials under controlled weathering conditions comprising: facets that receive incident natural sunlight, transmits VIS/NIR and reflects UV/VIS onto a secondary reflector that delive
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Two Chamber Reaction Furnace

A vertical two chamber reaction furnace. The furnace comprises a lower chamber having an independently operable first heating means for heating the lower chamber and a gas inlet means for admitting a gas to create an ambient atmosphere, and an upper chamber disposed above the lower chamber and havin
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Tunnel-Junction Multiple Wavelength Light-Emitting Diodes

A multiple wavelength LED having a monolithic cascade cell structure comprising at least two p-n junctions, wherein each of said at least two p-n junctions have substantially different band gaps, and electrical connector means by which said at least two p-n junctions may be collectively energized; a
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Tunable Circuit for Tunable Capacitor Devices

A tunable circuit (10) for a capacitively tunable capacitor device (12) is provided. The tunable circuit (10) comprises a tunable circuit element (14) and a non-tunable dielectric element (16) coupled to the tunable circuit element (16). A tunable capacitor device (12) and a method for increasing th
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Thin Transparent Conducting Films of Cadmium Stannate

A process for preparing thin Cd.sub.2 SnO.sub.4 films. The process comprises the steps of RF sputter coating a Cd.sub.2 SnO.sub.4 layer onto a first substrate; coating a second substrate with a CdS layer; contacting the Cd.sub.2 SnO.sub.4 layer with the CdS layer in a water- and oxygen-free environm
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Quickmobilefood

Quickmobile food solve the problem of using expensive vehicle in providing mobile kithen . The problem of space in the previous invention had been solve by providing ample space in the kitchen and serving compartment.There is a plathform with step and canpoy which enable customer to stand and been p
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Molecular Water-Oxidation Catalyst

A dimeric composition of the formula: ##STR1## wherein L', L", L'", and L"" are each a bidentate ligand having at least one functional substituent, the ligand selected from bipyridine, phenanthroline, 2-phenylpyridine, bipyrimidine, and bipyrazyl and the functional substituent selected from carboxyl
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PD/NI-WO3 Anodic Double Layer Gasochromic Device

An anodic double layer gasochromic sensor structure for optical detection of hydrogen in improved response time and with improved optical absorption real time constants, comprising: a glass substrate; a tungsten-doped nickel oxide layer coated on the glass substrate; and a palladium layer coated on
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Photoconversion of Gasified Organic Materials Into Biologically Degradable Plastics

A process is described for converting organic materials (such as biomass wastes) into a bioplastic suitable for use as a biodegradable plastic. In a preferred embodiment the process involves thermally gasifying the organic material into primarily carbon monoxide and hydrogen, followed by photosynthe
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Photoenhanced Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Acids

A process is described for rapid conversion of organic acids and alcohols anaerobic digesters into hydrogen and carbon dioxide, the optimal precursor substrates for production of methane. The process includes addition of photosynthetic bacteria to the digester and exposure of the bacteria to radiant
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Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Depositions (PECVD) Method of Forming Vanadium Oxide Films and Vanadium Oxide Thin-Films Prepared Thereby

A method is disclosed of forming a vanadium oxide film on a substrate utilizing plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The method includes positioning a substrate within a plasma reaction chamber and then forming a precursor gas comprised of a vanadium-containing chloride gas in an inert carrier
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Preparation of Superconductor Precursor Powders

A process for the preparation of a precursor metallic powder composition for use in the subsequent formation of a superconductor. The process comprises the steps of providing an electrodeposition bath comprising an electrolyte medium and a cathode substrate electrode, and providing to the bath one o
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Redox Polymer Electrodes for Advanced Batteries

Advanced batteries having a long cycle lifetime are provided. More specifically, the present invention relates to electrodes made from redox polymer films and batteries in which either the positive electrode, the negative electrode, or both, comprise redox polymers. Suitable redox polymers for this
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Self Bleaching Photoelectrochemical-Electrochromic Device

A photoelectrochemical-electrochromic device comprising a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode in parallel, spaced relation to each other. The first transparent electrode is electrically connected to the second transparent electrode. An electrochromic material is applied to
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Solar-Induced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Diamond-Type Carbon Films

An improved chemical vapor deposition method for depositing transparent continuous coatings of sp.sup.3 -bonded diamond-type carbon films, comprising: a) providing a volatile hydrocarbon gas/H.sub.2 reactant mixture in a cold wall vacuum/chemical vapor deposition chamber containing a suitable substr
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Solid Lithium-Ion Electrolyte

The present invention relates to the composition of a solid lithium-ion electrolyte based on the Li.sub.2 O--CeO.sub.2 --SiO.sub.2 system having good transparent characteristics and high ion conductivity suitable for uses in lithium batteries, electrochromic devices and other electrochemical applica
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Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Powered Electrochromic Window

A variable transmittance double pane window includes an electrochromic material that has been deposited on one pane of the window in conjunction with an array of photovoltaic cells deposited along an edge of the pane to produce the required electric power necessary to vary the effective transmittanc
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Thin Film Method of Conductin Lithium-Ions

The present invention relates to the composition of a solid lithium-ion electrolyte based on the Li.sub.2 O--CeO.sub.2 --SiO.sub.2 system having good transparent characteristics and high ion conductivity suitable for uses in lithium batteries, electrochromic devices and other electrochemical applica
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Welding/Sealing Glass Enclosed Space in a Vacuum

A method of welding and sealing the edges of two juxtaposed glass sheets together to seal a vacuum space between the sheets comprises the steps of positioning a radiation absorbant material, such as FeO, VO.sub.2, or NiO, between the radiation transmissive glass sheets adjacent the edges and then ir
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Controlled Metal-Semiconductor Sintering/Alloying by One-directional Reverse Illumination

Metal strips deposited on a top surface of a semiconductor substrate are sintered at one temperature simultaneously with alloying a metal layer on the bottom surface at a second, higher temperature. This simultaneous sintering of metal strips and alloying a metal layer on opposite surfaces of the su
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Crystallization from High-Temperature Solutions of Si in Copper

A liquid phase epitaxy method for forming thin crystalline layers of device quality silicon having less than 5X10.sup.16 Cu atoms/cc impurity, comprising: preparing a saturated liquid solution melt of Si in Cu at about 16% to about 90% wt. Si at a temperature range of about 800.degree. C. to about 1
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Crystallization from High Temperture Solutions of Si in Cu/Al Solvent

A liquid phase epitaxy method for forming thin crystalline layers of device quality silicon having less than 3.times.10.sup.16 Cu atoms/cc impurity, comprising: preparing a saturated liquid solution of Si in a Cu/Al solvent at about 20 to about 40 at. % Si at a temperature range of about 850.degree.
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Current- and Lattice-Matched Tandem Solar Cell

A multijunction (cascade) tandem photovoltaic solar cell device is fabricated of a Ga.sub.x In.sub.1-x P (0.505.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.0.515) top cell semiconductor lattice matched to a GaAs bottom cell semiconductor at a low-resistance heterojunction, preferably a p+/n+ heterojunction between the cells. T
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Current-Matched High-Efficiency, Multijunction Monolithic Solar Cells

The efficiency of a two-junction (cascade) tandem photovoltaic device is improved by adjusting (decreasing) the top cell thickness to achieve current matching. An example of the invention was fabricated out of Ga.sub.0.52 In.sub.0.48 P and GaAs. Additional lattice-matched systems to which the invent
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Defect Mapping System

Apparatus for detecting and mapping defects in the surfaces of polycrystalline materials in a manner that distinguishes dislocation pits from grain boundaries includes a laser for illuminating a wide spot on the surface of the material, a light integrating sphere with apertures for capturing light s
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Deposition of Device Quality Low H Content, Amorphous Silicon Films

A high quality, low hydrogen content, hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) film is deposited by passing a stream of silane gas (SiH.sub.4) over a high temperature, 2000.degree. C., tungsten (W) filament in the proximity of a high temperature, 400.degree. C., substrate within a low pressure, 8 mTo
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Deposition of Device Quality, Low Hydrogen Content, Amorphous Silicon Films by Hot Filament Technique Using (SAFE) Silicon Source Gas

A method of producing hydrogenated amorphous silicon on a substrate by flowing a stream of safe (diluted to less than 1%) silane gas past a heated filament.
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Deposition of Device Quality, Low Hydrogen Content, Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon at High Deposition Rates

A method of fabricating device quality, thin-film a-Si:H for use as semiconductor material in photovoltaic and other devices, comprising in any order; positioning a substrate in a vacuum chamber adjacent a plurality of heatable filaments with a spacing distance L between the substrate and the filame
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Deposition of Device Quality, Low Hydrogen Content, Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon at High Deposition Rates with Increased Stability Using the Hot Wire Filament Technique

A method or producing hydrogenated amorphous silicon on a substrate, comprising the steps of: positioning the substrate in a deposition chamber at a distance of about 0.5 to 3.0 cm from a heatable filament in the deposition chamber; maintaining a pressure in said deposition chamber in the range of a
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Dry Texturing of Solar Cells

A textured backside of a semiconductor device for increasing light scattering and absorption in a semiconductor substrate is accomplished by applying infrared radiation to the front side of a semiconductor substrate that has a metal layer deposited on its backside in a time-energy profile that first
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Durable Corrosion and Ultraviolet-Resistant Silver Mirror

This invention relates to specular silver mirrors. More particularly, it relates to a durable corrosion and ultraviolet-resistant silver mirror for use in solar reflectors. Specifically, a corrosion and ultra violet-resistant silver mirror for use in solar reflectors; the silver layer having a film-
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Durable Metallized Polymer Mirror

A metallized polymer mirror construction having improved durability against delamination and tunneling, comprising: an outer layer of polymeric material; a metal oxide layer underlying the outer layer of polymeric material; a silver reflective layer underneath the metal oxide layer; and a layer of a
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Electrical Isolation of Component Cells in Monolithically Interconnected Modules

A monolithically interconnected photovoltaic module having cells which are electrically connected which comprises a substrate, a plurality of cells formed over the substrate, each cell including a primary absorber layer having a light receiving surface and a p-region, formed with a p-type dopant, an
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Electrochromic Counter Electrode

The present invention discloses an amorphous material comprising nickel oxide doped with tantalum that is an anodically coloring electrochromic material. The material of the present invention is prepared in the form of an electrode (200) having a thin film (202) of an electrochromic material of the
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Electro-deposition of Superconductor Oxide Films

Methods for preparing high quality superconducting oxide precursors which are well suited for further oxidation and annealing to form superconducting oxide films. The method comprises forming a multilayered superconducting precursor on a substrate by providing an electrodeposition bath comprising an
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