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Solar Technologies for Sale or License

The following are Solar technologies offered for sale or license. Viewing technologies for sale is a free service of IdeaConnection.com, as is connecting with the seller if a technology interests you. Click on a heading below for more information.

Solar energy refers to the light and heat coming from the sun. Solar energy sustains our life on earth and influences our climate and weather. Solar energy technologies include generating electricity via photovoltaic cells, active and passive solar buildings, and distilling water. Post your solar technologies for sale or license here.

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PHOTOCATALYTIC STRUCTURES, METHODS OF MAKING PHOTOCATALYTIC STRUCTURES, AND METHODS OF PHOTOCATALYSIS

Embodiments of the present disclosure include structures, photocatalytic structures, and photoelectrochemical structures, methods of making these structures, methods of making photocatalysis, methods ..

NOVEL ANCHORING LIGANDS FOR SENSITIZERS OF DYE-SENSITIZED PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES

The present invention relates to novel pyridine compounds that can be used as anchoring ligands in metal-based sensitizing dyes of dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The dyes comprising the polypyridi..

SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENT HAVING DIAMOND-CONTAINING ELECTRODES AND USE THEREOF

The invention relates to a semiconductor component containing at least one electrode assembly, wherein the electrode assembly comprises at least two electrodes, of which at least one electrode is a di..

UP AND DOWN CONVERSION SYSTEMS FOR IMPROVED SOLAR CELL PERFORMANCE OR OTHER ENERGY CONVERSION

A system and a conversion element for power conversion. The power conversion system includes a power conversion device which produces electric power upon illumination and includes a light conversion d..

TRANSPARENT CONTACTS ORGANIC SOLAR PANEL BY SPRAY

A method of fabricating organic solar panels with transparent contacts. The method uses a layer-by-layer spray technique to create the anode layer. The method includes placing the substrate on a flat ..

SOLAR WALL ELEMENT

The invention relates to a solar wall element (1) for generating heat from solar radiation energy (2), particularly for use as a component of an external building envelope. Said solar wall element (1)..

ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE WITH INTERFACIAL LAYER AND METHOD OF FABRICATING SAME

An organic photovoltaic device and method of forming same. In one embodiment, the organic photovoltaic device has an anode, a cathode, an active layer disposed between the anode and the cathode; and a..

ARRAYS OF ULTRATHIN SILICON SOLAR MICROCELLS

Provided are solar cells, photovoltaics and related methods for making solar cells, wherein the solar cell is made of ultrathin solar grade or low quality silicon. In an aspect, the invention is a met..

Graded Organic Photovoltaic Device

A photovoltaic device includes a first heterojunction layer having a first donor type organic material and a first acceptor type organic material, in which a concentration of at least one of the first..

Photovoltaic Cell

A photovoltaic cell has two electrodes and a hole injection layer. A liquid crystal material and a plurality of particles can be disposed between the electrodes.

HIGH EFFICIENCY HYBRID SOLAR CELL

This invention relates to a high efficiency hybrid solar cell comprised of a dichroic mirror, a first cell stack comprising two cells, the first cell being a GaInP cell and the second cell being a GaA..

PROCESSES FOR FABRICATING ALL-BACK-CONTACT HETEROJUNCTION PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS

Processes for fabricating back contacts for photovoltaic cell devices are disclosed. The processes involve depositing a passivation layer on the back surface of a wafer, depositing an emitter layer on..

METHOD FOR MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS BY POWER CONVERTERS AND POWER COMBINERS

This invention relates to a method for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) a photovoltaic cell by a power converter that provides an output current at voltages useful to operate electronics or charge ..

MULTIJUNCTION HIGH EFFICIENCY PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME

Photovoltaic devices and methods of making photovoltaic devices are provided. The photovoltaic device comprises a plurality of solar cells electrically coupled to each other. The plurality of solar ce..

THIN GROUP IV SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES

Thin group IV semiconductor structures are provided comprising a thin Si substrate and a second region formed directly on the Si substrate, where the second region comprises either (i) a Ge1-xSnx laye..

InGaN Columnar Nano-Heterostructures For Solar Cells

Methods, devices, and compositions of matter related to high efficiency InGaN-based photovoltaic devices. The disclosed synthesis of semiconductor heterostructures may be exploited to produce higher e..

FUNCTIONALLY GRADED SOLAR ROOFING PANELS AND SYSTEMS

Solar panels and solar heating systems are disclosed. In some embodiments, the solar panels include the following: a top protective layer; a thin-film photovoltaic layer adjacent the top layer; a bott..

FLASH LIGHT ANNEALING FOR THIN FILMS

A method of making a crystalline film includes providing a film comprising seed grains of a selected crystallographic surface orientation on a substrate; irradiating the film using a pulsed light sour..

HIERARCHICAL ASSEMBLY OF NANOSTRUCTURED ORGANIC HETEROJUNCTIONS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES

Systems and methods for hierarchical assembly of nanostructured organic heterojunctions for photovoltaic devices are described. Particularly, an apparatus for converting light energy to electrical ene..

LIGHT FUNNEL

A light funnel includes a transparent article having a first base surface, a second base surface, and a peripheral surface. The first base surface is characterized by a first surface area and the seco..

POLYMER DISPERSED LIQUID CRYSTAL PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MAKING

A novel photovoltaic device including a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) material that is capable of converting solar energy to electrical energy and method for making. The device may optionall..

Tilting/Tracking System for Solar Devices

A tracking system is provided for a roof-mounted solar array. The system includes a sensor mechanism for sensing an orientation of the sun relative to the solar array, and a controller connected to th..

TYPE II QUANTUM DOT SOLAR CELLS

A device comprises a plurality of fence layers of a semiconductor material and a plurality of alternating layers of quantum dots of a second semiconductor material embedded between and in direct conta..

LOW RESISTANCE THIN FILM ORGANIC SOLAR CELL ELECTRODES

A method which lower the series resistance of photosensitive devices includes providing a transparent film of a first electrically conductive material arranged on a transparent substrate; depositing a..

EFFICIENT SOLAR CELLS USING ALL-ORGANIC NANOCRYSTALLINE NETWORKS

An optoelectronic device and a method of fabricating a photosensitive optoelectronic device includes depositing a first organic semiconductor material on a first electrode to form a continuous first l..

SOLAR CELLS

Organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices are disclosed. The devises are thin-film crystalline organic optoelectronic devices capable of generating a voltage when exposed to light, and prepared by..

ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES

The present invention generally relates to organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices. More specifically, it is directed to organic photovoltaic devices, e.g., organic solar cells. Further, it is d..

SEMICONDUCTOR COATED MICROPOROUS GRAPHENE SCAFFOLDS

A high surface area scaffold to be used for a solar cell, made of a three- dimensional percolated network of functionalized graphene sheets. It may be used in the preparation of a high surface area el..

ORGANIC PHOTOSENSITIVE CELLS GROWN ON ROUGH ELECTRODE WITH NANO-SCALE MORPHOLOGY CONTROL

An optoelectronic device and a method for fabricating the optoelectronic device includes a first electrode disposed on a substrate, an exposed surface of the first electrode having a root mean square ..

ORGANIC PHOTOSENSITIVE OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICE HAVING A PHENANTHROLINE EXCITON BLOCKING LAYER

An organic photosensitive optoelectronic device, having an anode, a cathode, and an organic blocking layer between the anode and the cathode is described, wherein the blocking layer comprises a phenan..

Organic photosensitive optoelectronic device

The invention relates to a mixed electrical configuration stacked organic photosensitive optoelectronic device comprising a substrate having a proximal surface and a distal surface and plurality of su..

Controlled growth of larger heterojunction interface area for organic photosensitive devices

Increased open-circuit-voltage organic photosensitive devices

The invention relates to a photosensitive device comprising: an anode and a cathode; and a first organic material and a second organic material forming a donor-acceptor heterojunction electrically con..

NANOSCOPICALLY THIN PHOTOVOLTAIC JUNCTION SOLAR CELLS

Nanoscopically thin photovoltaic junction solar cells are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, there is provided a photovoltaic film 100 that includes a p-doped region 102, an n-doped region 106, and a..

APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR VISUAL PERCEPTION USING AN ARRAY OF NANOSCALE WAVEGUIDES

Nanoscale photovoltaic devices fabricated from nanoscale waveguides that receive, propagate, and convert incident light into electrical neural signals, and methods of using these photovoltaic devices ..

Solar Thermoelectric Conversion

Systems and methods utilizing solar-electrical generators are discussed. Solar- electrical generators are disclosed having a radiation-capture structure and one or more thermoelectric converters. Heat..

Apparatus and methods for solar energy conversion using nanoscale cometal structures

An apparatus and methods for solar conversion using nanoscale cometal structures are disclosed herein. The cometal structures may be coaxial and coplanar. A nanoscale optics apparatus (100) for use as..

Apparatus and methods for solar energy conversion using nanocoax structures

An apparatus and method for solar conversion using nanocoax structures are disclosed herein. A nano-optics apparatus for use as a solar cell comprising a plurality of nano-coaxial structures comprisin..

NUCLEIC ACID-BASED PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL

Photovoltaic cells containing nucleic acid materials and methods of production and use are provided. The nucleic acid materials have photovoltaic donor and acceptor molecules incorporated therein and ..

Protein-Based Photovoltaics and Methods of Use

Protein-based photovoltaic cells and the manufacture and use of protein-based photovoltaic cells are described. In one embodiment, bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium salinarum, which undergoes struc..

LIGHT SOURCE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING LIGHT

The invention relates to a light source, comprising an optical resonator (1) and an optical medium (2) arranged therein that can be excited so as to emit light, wherein the optical medium (2) comprise..

STABILISATION OF THE REPETITION RATE OF A PASSIVELY Q-SWITCHED LASER BY MEANS OF COUPLED RESONATORS

The invention relates to a Q-switched laser comprising a pump light source (1), an optical resonator, in which a laser medium (6) is situated and a passive Q-switch (5). The aim of the invention is to..

GLASS SEALING OF DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS

The present invent describes a new sealing process of a specific type of photovoltaic cells named dye-sensitized solar cells. Currently, the sealing of these cells is made by means of a polymer, which..

SMART DEVICE FOR ABSORBING SOLAR ENERGY AND CONTROLING SUNLIGHT ADMISSION

The present invention provides a process for absorbing solar energy and, simultaneously having a continuous control of the light admission making it possible to install the device in external openings..

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING CHARACTERISTIC CURVES IN PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS

The invention relates to a measuring device that can capture the characteristic curves in photovoltaic systems, such as current versus voltage (I-V) and power versus voltage (P-V) of a solar cell (CS)..

PYRANOMETER

The invention relates to a high-precision pyranometer with a reduced production cost, the measurements from which are not affected by external temperature differences, thereby eliminating the problem ..

THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS HAVING COMBINED TEXTURES

The surface of the substrate has a micrometric pyramidal texture together with a superimposed nanometric random texture formed on the surface of the substrate of a layer of metal or of a layer of tran..

DIRECT-BANDGAP NANO-CRYSTALLINE OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES

A photovoltaic device is provided comprising a thin-film of an energy conversion material. The energy conversion material includes one or more quantum structures, where the quantum structures comprise..

SOLAR MODULE FOR SUMMER HOUSES

Invention is connected with civil and thermal engineering technologies and proposes solutions for use of renewable energy sources - solar energy in case of periodical use of houses particularly summer..

Conducting self-cleaning materials and process for producing same

The invention provides a self-cleaning material suitable for use as a front contact in a photovoltaic solar cell structure comprising zinc oxide and indium. The advantage of the invention is to provid..

PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES

A photovoltaic device including cathode and anode electrodes (3, 11), and a photovoltaically active layer (5) located over both said electrodes

NOVEL BLOCK COPOLYMERS, METHODS OF PREPARATION AND THEIR USE IN HETEROJUNCTION DEVICES

The invention relates to novel block copolymers having both electron donor and electron acceptor monomer units and to methods for their preparation. A further aspect of the invention relates to the us..

NOVEL COMPOUNDS, DERIVATIVES THEREOF AND THEIR USE IN HETEROJUNCTION DEVICES

The invention relates to novel polyaromatic and polyheteroaromatic compounds and derivatives thereof. The compounds display high solubility in organic solvents. A further aspect of the invention relat..

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING MESOSCOPIC SOLAR CELLS

A method of manufacturing a dye sensitised solar cell or other mesoscopic solar cell, including the steps of coating at least a portion of a surface of a substrate with an electrode film or other func..

METHODS FOR FABRICATING PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES BY TUNING THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS

Methods for fabricating a photovoltaic module, and the resulting photovoltaic module, are provided and include selecting a photovoltaic cell operable to convert photons to electrons, selecting a light..

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL

We developed carbon nanotube-on-silicon heterojunction solar (photovoltaic) cells are provided with moderate efficiencies (>7%) and excellent air stability by integrating nanotechnology with silicon t..

Liquid Crystalline Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

A photovoltaic cell is provided. The photovoltaic cell can be an interconnecting liquid crystalline polymer network. Reactive mesogens of the formula B-S-A-S-B wherein A is a chromophore, S is a space..

SOLAR ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM

Disclosed is a solar energy harvesting system comprising: a solar radiation redirecting layer, comprising an array of features with a sub millimetre scale, adapted to redirect solar radiation having a..

SYSTEM FOR SELECTIVELY FILLING PIN HOLES, WEAK SHUNTS AND/OR SCRIBE LINES IN PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES AND PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS MADE THEREBY

A system for selectively filling pin holes, weak shunts and/or scribe lines in photovoltaics devices and photovoltaic cells made thereby is described.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HIGH YIELD DEPOSITION OF CONDUCTIVE MATERIALS ONTO SOLAR CELLS

A system for reducing damage to solar cells during a process for depositing a conductive material on a solar cell is disclosed where an electrical bias or floating potential is applied to the solar ce..

FLEXIBLE PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS HAVING A POLYIMIDE MATERIAL LAYER AND METHOD OF PRODUCING SAME

A photovoltaic cell is fabricated onto a polyimide film using an unbalanced RF magnetron sputtering process. The sputtering process includes the addition of 0.05% to 0.5% oxygen to an inert gas stream..

NANODIPOLE PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES, METHODS OF MAKING AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF

A photovoltaic device includes a built-in electric field generated by electric dipoles of nanoparticles embedded in a photoconducting host.

METHOD OF PRODUCING A FLEXIBLE PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL USING A FLEXIBLE POLYMER-FIXTURE LAMINATE

A roll-to-roll manufacturing process for producing flexible, thin-film photovoltaic cells includes a flexible manufacturing fixture to transport a superstrate layer between successive processing stati..

BACK CONTACT BUFFER LAYER FOR THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS

A photovoltaic cell structure is disclosed that includes a buffer/passivation layer at a CdTe/Back contact interface. The buffer/passivation layer is formed from the same material that forms the n-typ..

NANOSTRUCTURED ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS

Solar cells having at least one N-type material layer and at least one P-type material layer forming a patterned p-n junction are described. A conducting layer may provide electrical communication bet..

A SOLAR WATER HEATER

The present invention provides a solar water heating apparatus which includes concentric inner and outer vessels defining an annular cavity therebetween, within which cavity a phase change material is..

METHOD OF FORMING A SOLAR CELL ABSORBER LAYER

A method of forming a layer of CuxZny(Gp14)z(Gp16) w where [x/(y+z) lies in the range 0.6 - 1.4], y/(y + z) lies in the range 0.25 - 0.7 and w/(x + y + z) lies in the range 0.8 - 1.2 comprising the st..

SOLAR CELL ASSEMBLY

A solar cell assembly comprising a solar cell and light collector, said solar cell comprising a photoconducting material which has a generally planar structure comprising first and second opposing sid..

SEMICONDUCTOR OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES AND METHODS FOR MAKING SEMICONDUCTOR OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES

A semiconductor-based optoelectronic device such as a solar cell has an n-type layer and a p-type layer, together forming a p-n junction. Contact regions are formed on the device, with light-receiving..

INTERMEDIATE BAND SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES, USES THEREOF AND METHODS FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE

A photovoltaic device such as a solar cell is disclosed having an n-base layer of Inx (AlyGai-y) 1-xP and a p-emitter layer of Inx (AlyGa1-y) 1-xP. x is typically 0.48 for the n-base and for the p-emi..

PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES COMPRISING ION PAIRS

A photovoltaic (PV) device having an electron donor region and electron acceptor region, the donor and acceptor regions comprising conjugated polymers and/or molecular semiconductors, ion pairs being,..

Photovoltaic module for use on roof to produce energy, has solar cells arranged on substrate, predominantly covered with expandable material and arranged in such manner that solar cells are partly spa

The module (1) has solar cells (6) arranged on a substrate (2), which consists of an expandable material. The cells are predominantly covered with another expandable material and arranged in such a ma..

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SOLAR CELL

A method for manufacturing a solar cell having a single crystal silicon substrate and an amorphous silicon layer provided at least on one side surface of the single crystal silicon substrate is provid..

SOLAR CELL MODULE AND METHOD OF PRODUCING SAME

A solar cell module and method of producing the same. The solar cell module has a configuration in which busbars (21) are bonded by a conductive adhesive (18) onto the back surface electrode layer (14..

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THIN FILM SOLAR CELL

Disclosed is a thin film solar cell manufacturing method provided with an adhesion step wherein a bus bar is adhered to the backside electrode layer of a solar cell string comprised of a transparent e..

SOLAR PANEL, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR, SOLAR CELL MODULE, AND SOLAR PANEL MANUFACTURING DEVICE

Disclosed are a solar panel having high reliability and productivity with improved insulation properties and moisture resistance at the peripheral edges, a solar cell module, a solar cell manufacturin..

Cheap Energy from the Sun

Isis Project No 3656 A novel inorganic thin film photovoltaic system has been developed which offers stable low cost solar generation without using rare-metal elements. Marketing Opportunity Chea..

Sun Thermodynamic Power Station

Extremely Efficient Small Molecule for Organic Solar Cells

BACKGROUND: Solar cells based on organic semiconductors are evolving into a promising cost-effective alternative to silicon-based solar cells due to low-cost and easy fabrication by solution processin..

Solar Power Mechanism - User Friendly, Highly Effecient, Economical & Proprietary

An improved solar power mechanism that absorbs and utilizes the light and heat energy it collects with little escaping back into the atmosphere. Current technologies are highly inefficient and serve t..

Voltage-Matched, Monolithic, Multi-Band-Gap Devices

Monolithic, tandem, photonic cells include at least a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer, wherein each semiconductor layer includes an n-type region, a p-type region, and a giv..

Wafer Characteristics via Reflectometry and Wafer Processing Apparatus and Method

This system includes a measuring device to acquire non-contact thickness measurements of a wafer and a laser beam to cut the wafer at a rate based at least in part on one or more thicknesses measureme..

ZnO/Cu(InGa)Se, Solar Cells Prepared by Vapor Phase Zn Doping

A process for making a thin film ZnO/Cu(InGa)Se.sub.2 solar cell without depositing a buffer layer and by Zn doping from a vapor phase, comprising: depositing Cu(InGa)Se.sub.2 layer on a metal back co..

Voltage-Matched, Monolithic, Multi-Band-Gap Devices

Vertical Two Chamber Reaction Furnace

A vertical two chamber reaction furnace. The furnace comprises a lower chamber having an independently operable first heating means for heating the lower chamber and a gas inlet means for admitting a ..

Variable Temperature Semiconductor Film Deposition

A method of depositing a semiconductor material on a substrate. The method sequentially comprises (a) providing the semiconductor material in a depositable state such as a vapor for deposition on the ..

Uniform -Burning Matrix Burner

Technology Description Computer simulation was used in the development of an inward-burning, radial matrix gas burner and heat pipe heat exchanger. The burner and exchanger can be used to heat a Stirl..

Unglazed Transpired Solar Collector Having a Low Thermal Conductance Absorber

Technology Description An unglazed transpired solar collector using solar radiation to heat incoming air for distribution, comprising an unglazed absorber formed of low thermal-conductance material ha..

Ultra-Accelerated Natural Sunlight Exposure Testing Facilities

Technology Description A multi-faceted concentrator apparatus for providing ultra-accelerated natural sunlight exposure testing for sample materials under controlled weathering conditions comprising: ..

Ultra-Accelerated Natural Sunlight Exposure Testing

Technology Description Process and apparatus for providing ultra accelerated natural sunlight exposure testing of samples under controlled weathering without introducing unrealistic failure mechanisms..

Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Powered Electrochromic Window

Technology Description A variable transmittance double pane window includes an electrochromic material that has been deposited on one pane of the window in conjunction with an array of photovoltaic ce..

Production of Fullerenes Using Concentrated Solar Flux

Technology Description A method of producing soot containing high amounts of fullerenes comprising: providing a primary concentrator capable of impingement of a concentrated beam of sunlight onto a ca..

Multi-Facet Concentrator of Solar Setup for Irradiating the Objects Placed in a Target Plane with Solar Light

Technology Description According to the proposed invention, this technical result is achieved so that many-facet concentrator of a solar setup for exposure of objects, placed in a target plane, to the..

Method and Apparatus for Uniformly Concentrating Solar Flux for Photovoltaic Applications

Technology Description A dish reflector and method for concentrating moderate solar flux uniformly on a target plane on a solar cell array, the dish having a stepped reflective surface that is charact..

Hybrid Solar Central Receiver for Combined Cycle Power Plant

Technology Description A hybrid combined cycle power plant including a solar central receiver for receiving solar radiation and converting it to thermal energy. The power plant includes a molten salt ..

Dish/Stirling Hybrid-Receiver

Description A hybrid high-temperature solar receiver is provided which comprises a solar heat-pipe-receiver including a front dome having a solar absorber surface for receiving concentrated solar ener..

Combustion System for Hybrid Solar Fossil Fuel Receiver

Technology Description A combustion system for a hybrid solar receiver comprises a pre-mixer which combines air and fuel to form an air-fuel mixture. The mixture is introduced tangentially into a cool..

Variable Temperature Semiconductor Film Deposition

U.S. Patent 5,712,187 Technology Description A method of depositing a semiconductor material on a substrate. The method sequentially comprises (a) providing the semiconductor material in a deposi..

Use of Separate ZnTe Interface Layers to Form OHMIC Contacts to p-CdTe Films

U.S. Patent 5,909,632 Technology Description A method of improving electrical contact to a thin film of a p-type tellurium-containing II-VI semiconductor comprising:depositing a first undoped lay..

Ultra-Accelerated Natural Sunlight Exposure Testing Facilities

U.S. Patent 6,820,509 Technology Description A multi-faceted concentrator apparatus for providing ultra-accelerated natural sunlight exposure testing for sample materials under controlled weather..

Two Chamber Reaction Furnace

U.S. Patent 5,747,099 Technology Description A vertical two chamber reaction furnace. The furnace comprises a lower chamber having an independently operable first heating means for heating the lo..

Tunnel-Junction Multiple Wavelength Light-Emitting Diodes

U.S. Patent 5,166,761 Technology Description A multiple wavelength LED having a monolithic cascade cell structure comprising at least two p-n junctions, wherein each of said at least two p-n junc..

Tunable Circuit for Tunable Capacitor Devices

U.S. Patent 7,109,818 Technology Description A tunable circuit (10) for a capacitively tunable capacitor device (12) is provided. The tunable circuit (10) comprises a tunable circuit element (14)..

Thin-Film Solar Cell Fabricated on a Flexible Metallic Substrate

U.S. Patent 7,053,294 Technology Description A thin-film solar cell (10) is provided. The thin-film solar cell (10) comprises a flexible metallic substrate (12) having a first surface and a secon..

Thin Transparent Conducting Films of Cadmium Stannate

U.S. Patent 6,221,495 Technology Description A process for preparing thin Cd.sub.2 SnO.sub.4 films. The process comprises the steps of RF sputter coating a Cd.sub.2 SnO.sub.4 layer onto a first s..

System for Monitoring the Growth of Crystalline Films on Stationary Substrates

U.S. Patent 5,588,995 Technology Description A system for monitoring the growth of crystalline films on stationary or rotating substrates includes a combination of some or all of the elements inc..

System for Characterizing Semiconductor Materials and Photovoltaic Device

U.S. Patent 5,581,346 Technology Description Apparatus for detecting and mapping defects in the surfaces of polycrystalline material in a manner that distinguishes dislocation pits from grain bou..

Substrate for Thin Silicon Solar Cells

U.S. Patent 5,401,331 Technology Description A photovoltaic device for converting solar energy into electrical signals comprises a substrate, a layer of photoconductive semiconductor material gro..

Substrate for Thin Silicon Solar Cells

U.S. Patent 5,785,769 Technology Description A substrate for a photovoltaic device wherein the substrate is the base upon which photosensitive material is to be grown and the substrate comprises ..

Substrate Structures for InP-Based Devices

U.S. Patent 4,963,949 Technology Description A substrate structure for an InP-based semiconductor device having an InP based film is disclosed. The substrate structure includes a substrate region..

Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Powered Electrochromic Window

Stacked Switchable Element and Diode Combination

U.S. Patent 7,067,850 Technology Description A device (10) comprises a semiconductor diode (12) and a switchable element (14) positioned in stacked adjacent relationship so that the semiconductor..

Solution Synthesis of Mixed-Metal Chalcogenide Nanoparticles and Spray Deposition of Precursor Films

U.S. Patent 6,126,740 Technology Description A colloidal suspension comprising metal chalcogenide nanoparticles and a volatile capping agent. The colloidal suspension is made by reacting a metal ..

Solar-Thermal Fluid-Wall Reaction Processing

U.S. Patent 7,033,570 Technology Description The present invention provides a method for carrying out high temperature thermal dissociation reactions requiring rapid-heating and short residence t..

Single-Junction Solar Cells with the Optium Band Gap for Terrestrial Concentrator Applications

U.S. Patent 5,376,185 Technology Description A single-junction solar cell having the ideal band gap for terrestrial concentrator applications. Computer modeling studies of single-junction solar c..

Shallow Melt Apparatus for Semicontinuous Czochralski Crystal Growth

U.S. Patent 6,984,263 Technology Description The present invention relates to growing crystals without encountering the problems normally associated with conventional Czochralski crystal growth o..

Recrystallization Method to Selenization of Thin-Film Cu(In,Ga)Se.sub.2 for Semiconductor Device Applications

U.S. Patent 5,436,204 Technology Description A process for fabricating slightly Cu-poor thin-films of Cu(In,Ga)Se.sub.2 on a substrate for semiconductor device applications includes the steps of ..

Reactive Codoping of GaAlInP Compound Semiconductors

U.S. Patent 7,329,554 Technology Description A GaAlInP compound semiconductor and a method of producing a GaAlInP compound semiconductor are provided. The apparatus and method comprises a GaAs cr..

Rapid Low-Temperature Epitaxial Growth Using a Hot-Element Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Process

U.S. Patent 6,251,183 Technology Description The invention provides a process for depositing an epitaxial layer on a crystalline substrate, comprising the steps of providing a chamber having an e..

Radio Frequency Coupling Apparatus and Method for Measuring Minority Carrier Lifetimes in Semiconductor Materials

U.S. Patent 6,369,603 Technology Description An apparatus for measuring the minority carrier lifetime of a semiconductor sample using radio-frequency coupling. The measuring apparatus includes an..

Production of Films and Powders for Semiconductor Device Applications

U.S. Patent 5,731,031 Technology Description A process for chemical bath deposition of selenide and sulfide salts as films and powders employable as precursors for the fabrication of solar cell d..

Production of Films and Powders for Semiconductor Device Applications

U.S. Patent 5,731,031 Technology Description A process for chemical bath deposition of selenide and sulfide salts as films and powders employable as precursors for the fabrication of solar cell d..

Processing Approach Towards The Formation Of Thin-Film CU(IN,GA)SE2

U.S. Patent 6,518,086 Technology Description A two-stage method of producing thin-films of group IB-IIIA-VIA on a substrate for semiconductor device applications includes a first stage of deposit..

Process for Producing Cadmium Sulfide on a Cadmium Telluride Surface

U.S. Patent 5,541,118 Technology Description A process for producing a layer of cadmium sulfide on a cadmium telluride surface to be employed in a photovoltaic device. The process comprises provi..

Process for Fabricating Polycrystalline Semiconductor Thin-Film Solar Cells, and Cells Produced Thereby

U.S. Patent 6,137,048 Technology Description A novel, simplified method for fabricating a thin-film semiconductor heterojunction photovoltaic device includes initial steps of depositing a layer o..

Preparation of a Semiconductor Thin Film

U.S. Patent 5,711,803 Technology Description A process for the preparation of a semiconductor film. The process comprises depositing nanoparticles of a semiconductor material onto a substrate who..

Preparation of Transparent Conductors, Ferroelectric Memory Materials and Ferrites

U.S. Patent 5,785,837 Technology Description A process for the preparation by electrodeposition of metal oxide film and powder compounds for ferroelectric memory materials and ferrites wherein th..

Preparation of CuInSe.sub.2 Precursors Films and Powders by Electroless Deposition

U.S. Patent 5,976,614 Technology Description A method for electroless deposition of Cu.sub.x In.sub.y Ga.sub.z Se.sub.n (x=0-2, y=0-2, z=0-2, n=0-3) precursor films and powders onto a metallic su..

Plasma and Reactive Ion Etchning to Prepare OHMIC Contacts

U.S. Patent 6,458,254 Technology Description A method of making a low-resistance electrical contact between a metal and a layer of p-type CdTe surface by plasma etching and reactive ion etching c..

Photovoltaic Devices Comprising Zinc Stannate Buffer Layer and Method for Making

U.S. Patent 6,169,246 Technology Description A photovoltaic device has a buffer layer zinc stannate Zn.sub.2 SnO.sub.4 disposed between the semiconductor junction structure and the transparent co..

Photovoltaic Devices Comprising Cadmium Stannate Transparent Conducting Films and Method for Making

U.S. Patent 5,922,142 Technology Description A photovoltaic device having a substrate, a layer of Cd.sub.2 SnO.sub.4 disposed on said substrate as a front contact, a thin film comprising two or m..

Passivating Etchants for Metallic Particles

U.S. Patent 6,436,305 Technology Description The present invention provides a process for etching a corrosion layer, such as oxide or hydroxide, from and concomitantly forming a passivating layer..

Optical System for Determining Physical Characteristics of a Solar Cell

Technology Description The invention provides an improved optical system for determining the physical characteristics of a solar cell. The system comprises a lamp means for projecting light in a wide ..

Optical Processing Furnace with Quartz Muffle and Diffuser Plate

U.S. Patent 5,452,396 Technology Description An optical furnace for annealing a process wafer comprising a source of optical energy, a quartz muffle having a door to hold the wafer for processing..

Optical Processing Furnace with Quartz Muffle and Diffuser Plate

U.S. Patent 5,577,157 Technology Description An optical furnace for annealing a process wafer comprising a source of optical energy, a quartz muffle having a door to hold the wafer for processing..

Optical Method for Determining the Doping Depth Profile in Silicon

U.S. Patent 7,179,665 Technology Description A method of processing a sample, comprising the steps of: introducing dopant into a sample thereby producing a doped sample; producing a healed sample..

Nanostructures Produced by Phase-Separation during Growth of (III-V).sub.1-x(IV.sub.2).sub.x Alloys

U.S. Patent 7,229,498 Technology Description Nanostructures (18) and methods for production thereof by phase separation during metal organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE). An embodiment of one of t..

Multi-junction solar cell device

Trademark 7,309,832 Technology Description A multi-junction solar cell device (10) is provided. The multi-junction solar cell device (10) comprises either two or three active solar cells connecte..

Multi-Junction, Monolithic Solar Cell Using Low-Band-Gap Materials Lattice-Matched to GaAs or Ge

U.S. Patent 6,281,426 Technology Description A multi-junction, monolithic, photovoltaic solar cell device is provided for converting solar radiation to photocurrent and photovoltage with improved..

Monolithic Tandem Solar Cells

U.S. Patent 5,019,177 Technology Description A single-crystal, monolithic, tandem, photovoltaic solar cell is described which includes (a) an InP substrate having upper and lower surfaces, (b) a ..

Monolithic Tandem Solar Cell

U.S. Patent 5,322,572 Technology Description A single-crystal, monolithic, tandem, photovoltaic solar cell is described which includes (a) an InP substrate having upper and lower surfaces, (b) a ..

Monolithic Multi-Color Light Emission/Detection Device

U.S. Patent 5,391,896 Technology Description A single-crystal, monolithic, tandem, multi-color optical transceiver device is described, including (a) an InP substrate having upper and lower surfa..

Molecular Assemblies as Protective Barriers and Adhesion Promotion Interlayer

U.S. Patent 5,487,792 Technology Description A protective diffusion barrier having adhesive qualifies for metalized surfaces is provided by a passivating agent having the formula HS--(CH.sub.2).s..

Method of Preparing Nitrogen Containing Semiconductor Material

U.S. Patent 6,787,385 Technology Description A method of combining group III elements with group V elements that incorporates at least nitrogen from a nitrogen halide for use in semiconductors an..

Method of Fabricating High-Efficiency Cu(In, Ga)Se.sub.2 Thin Films for Solar Cells

U.S. Patent 5,441,897 Technology Description A process for producing a slightly Cu-poor thin film of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S).sub.2 comprises depositing a first layer of (In,Ga).sub.x (Se,S).sub.y followe..

Method for Processing Silicon Solar Cells

U.S. Patent 5,627,081 Technology Description The instant invention teaches a novel method for fabricating silicon solar cells utilizing concentrated solar radiation. The solar radiation is concen..

Method for Preparing Homogeneous Single Crystal Ternary III-V Alloys

U.S. Patent 5,047,112 Technology Description A method for producing homogeneous, single-crystal III-V ternary alloys of high crystal perfection using a floating crucible system in which the outer..

Method for Improving the Stability of Amorphous Silicon

U.S. Patent 6,713,400 Technology Description A method of producing a metastable degradation resistant amorphous hydrogenated silicon film is provided, which comprises the steps of growing a hydro..

Method and apparatus for forming conformal SiN.sub.x films

U.S. Patent 7,300,890 Technology Description A silicon nitride film formation method includes: heating a substrate to be subjected to film formation to a substrate temperature; heating a wire to ..

Method and Apparatus for Simulating Atmospheric Absorption of Solar Energy Due to Water Vapor and CO.sub.2

U.S. Patent 5,426,569 Technology Description A method and apparatus for improving the accuracy of the simulation of sunlight reaching the earth's surface includes a relatively small heated chambe..

Method and Apparatus for Measuring Spatial Uniformity of Radiation

U.S. Patent 6,441,896 Technology Description A method and apparatus for measuring the spatial uniformity of the intensity of a radiation beam from a radiation source based on a single sampling ti..

Method and Apparatus for Forming High-Critical-Temperatures Superconducting Layers on Flat and/or Elongated Substrates

U.S. Patent 5,304,534 Technology Description An elongated, flexible superconductive wire or strip is fabricated by pulling it through and out of a melt of metal oxide material at a rate conducive..

Method and Apparatus for Fabricating a Thin-Film Solar Cell Utilizing a Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition Technique

U.S. Patent 7,122,736 Technology Description A thin-film solar cell is provided. The thin-film solar cell comprises an a-SiGe:H (1.6 eV) n-i-p solar cell having a deposition rate of at least ten ..

Method and Apparatus for Differential Spectroscopic Atomic Imaging Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Technology Description A Method and apparatus for differential spectroscopic atomic-imaging is disclosed for spatial resolution and imaging for display not only individual atoms on a sample surface, b..

Metal processing for impurity gettering in silicon

U.S. Patent 6,852,371 Technology Description A method is provided for gettering impurities from silicon wafers and devices to improve the quality of the material and the device performance. The w..

Isoelectronic Co-doping

U.S. Patent 6,815,736 Technology Description Isoelectronic co-doping of semiconductor compounds and alloys with deep acceptors and deep donors is used to decrease bandgap, to increase concentrati..

Ion-Beam Treatment to Prepare Surfaces of p-CdTe Films

U.S. Patent 6,281,035 Technology Description A method of making a low-resistance electrical contact between a p-CdTe layer and outer contact layers by ion beam processing comprising:a) placing a ..

Interdigitalized Photovoltaic Power Conversion Device

Technology Description A photovoltaic power conversion device has a top surface adapted to receive impinging radiation. The device includes at least two adjacent, serially connected cells. Each cell i..

Impurity Gettering in Semiconductors

U.S. Patent 5,426,061 Technology Description A process for impurity gettering in a semiconductor substrate or device such as a silicon substrate or device. The process comprises hydrogenating the..

High Efficiency, Low Cost, Thin Film Silicon Solar Cell Design and Method For Making

U.S. Patent 6,201,261 Technology Description A semiconductor device having a substrate, a conductive intermediate layer deposited onto said substrate, wherein the intermediate layer serves as a b..

High Efficiency Low Cost Thin Film Silicon Solar Cell Design and Method For Making

U.S. Patent 5,897,331 Technology Description A semiconductor device having a substrate, a conductive intermediate layer deposited onto said substrate, wherein the intermediate layer serves as a b..

High Carrier Concentration P-Type Transparent Conducting Oxide Films

U.S. Patent 6,908,782 Technology Description A p-type transparent conducting oxide film is provided which is consisting essentially of, the transparent conducting oxide and a molecular doping sou..

Heterojunction Solar Cell with Passivated Emitter Surface

U.S. Patent 5,316,593 Technology Description A high-efficiency heterojunction solar cell wherein a thin emitter layer (preferably Ga.sub.0.52 In.sub.0.48 P) forms a heterojunction with a GaAs abs..

Heterojunction Solar Cell

U.S. Patent 5,342,453 Technology Description A high-efficiency single heterojunction solar cell wherein a thin emitter layer (preferably Ga.sub.0.52 In.sub.0.48 P) forms a heterojunction with a G..

Fabrication of Optically Reflecting Ohmic Contacts for Semiconductor Devices

U.S. Patent 5,429,985 Technology Description A method is provided to produce a low-resistivity ohmic contact having high optical reflectivity on one side of a semiconductor device. The contact is..

Enhanced Quality Thin Film Cu(In,Ga)Se.sub.2 for Semiconductor Device Applications by Vapor-Phase Recrystallization

U.S. Patent 5,356,839 Technology Description Enhanced quality thin films of Cu.sub.w (In,Ga.sub.y)Se.sub.z for semiconductor device applications are fabricated by initially forming a Cu-rich, pha..

Electrochromic-Photovoltaic Film for Light-Sensitive Control of Optical Transmittance

U.S. Patent 5,377,037 Technology Description A variable transmittance optical component includes an electrochromic material and a photovoltaic device-type thin film solar cell deposited in a tand..

Electrochromic Projection and Writing Device

U.S. Patent 6,441,942 Technology Description A display and projection apparatus includes an electrochromic material and a photoconductive material deposited in tandem used in conjunction with a l..

Electrochromic Counter Electrode

U.S. Patent 6,859,297 Technology Description The present invention discloses an amorphous material comprising nickel oxide doped with tantalum that is an anodically coloring electrochromic materi..

Electro-deposition of Superconductor Oxide Films

U.S. Patent 6,332,967 Technology Description Methods for preparing high quality superconducting oxide precursors which are well suited for further oxidation and annealing to form superconducting ..

Electrical Isolation of Component Cells in Monolithically Interconnected Modules

U.S. Patent 6,239,354 Technology Description A monolithically interconnected photovoltaic module having cells which are electrically connected which comprises a substrate, a plurality of cells fo..

Durable Metallized Polymer Mirror

U.S. Patent 5,361,172 Technology Description A metallized polymer mirror construction having improved durability against delamination and tunneling, comprising: an outer layer of polymeric materi..

Durable Corrosion and Ultraviolet-Resistant Silver Mirror

U.S. Patent 6,989,924 Technology Description This invention relates to specular silver mirrors. More particularly, it relates to a durable corrosion and ultraviolet-resistant silver mirror for us..

Dry Texturing of Solar Cells

U.S. Patent 5,358,574 Technology Description A textured backside of a semiconductor device for increasing light scattering and absorption in a semiconductor substrate is accomplished by applying ..

Deposition of Device Quality, Low Hydrogen Content, Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon at High Deposition Rates with Increased Stability Using the Hot Wire Filament Technique

U.S. Patent 6,124,186 Technology Description A method or producing hydrogenated amorphous silicon on a substrate, comprising the steps of: positioning the substrate in a deposition chamber at a d..

Deposition of Device Quality, Low Hydrogen Content, Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon at High Deposition Rates

U.S. Patent 6,468,885 Technology Description A method of fabricating device quality, thin-film a-Si:H for use as semiconductor material in photovoltaic and other devices, comprising in any order;..

Deposition of Device Quality Low H Content, Amorphous Silicon Films

U.S. Patent 5,397,737 Technology Description A high quality, low hydrogen content, hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) film is deposited by passing a stream of silane gas (SiH.sub.4) over a h..

Deposition of Device Quality Low H Content, Amorphous Silicon Films

U.S. Patent 5,397,737 Technology Description A high quality, low hydrogen content, hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) film is deposited by passing a stream of silane gas (SiH.sub.4) over a h..

Defect Mapping System

U.S. Patent 5,406,367 Technology Description Apparatus for detecting and mapping defects in the surfaces of polycrystalline materials in a manner that distinguishes dislocation pits from grain bo..

Current-Matched High-Efficiency, Multijunction Monolithic Solar Cells

U.S. Patent 5,223,043 Technology Description The efficiency of a two-junction (cascade) tandem photovoltaic device is improved by adjusting (decreasing) the top cell thickness to achieve current ..

Current- and Lattice-Matched Tandem Solar Cell

U.S. Patent 4,667,059 Technology Description A multijunction (cascade) tandem photovoltaic solar cell device is fabricated of a Ga.sub.x In.sub.1-x P (0.505.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.0.515) top cell semico..

Crystallization from High-Temperature Solutions of Si in Copper

U.S. Patent 5,314,571 Technology Description A liquid phase epitaxy method for forming thin crystalline layers of device quality silicon having less than 5X10.sup.16 Cu atoms/cc impurity, compris..

Crystallization from High Temperture Solutions of Si in Cu/Al Solvent

U.S. Patent 5,544,616 Technology Description A liquid phase epitaxy method for forming thin crystalline layers of device quality silicon having less than 3.times.10.sup.16 Cu atoms/cc impurity, c..

Controlled Metal-Semiconductor Sintering/Alloying by One-directional Reverse Illumination

U.S. Patent 5,223,453 Technology Description Metal strips deposited on a top surface of a semiconductor substrate are sintered at one temperature simultaneously with alloying a metal layer on the..

Composition and Method for Encapsulating Photovoltaic Devices

U.S. Patent 6,093,757 Technology Description A composition and method for encapsulating a photovoltaic device which minimizes discoloration of the encapsulant. The composition includes an ethylen..

Cadmium-Free Junction Fabrication Process for CuInSe2 Thin Film Solar Cells

U.S. Patent 5,948,176 Technology Description The present invention provides an economical, simple, dry and controllable semiconductor layer junction forming process to make cadmium free high effi..

Atmospheric Optical Calibration System (AOCS)

U.S. Patent 4,779,980 Technology Description An atmospheric optical calibration system is provided to compare actual atmospheric optical conditions to standard atmospheric optical conditions on t..

Application of Optical Processing for Growth of Silicon Dioxide

U.S. Patent 5,639,520 Technology Description A process for producing a silicon dioxide film on a surface of a silicon substrate. The process comprises illuminating a silicon substrate in a substa..

Apparatus for Synthesis of a Solar Spectrum

U.S. Patent 5,217,285 Technology Description A xenon arc lamp and a tungsten filament lamp provide light beams that together contain all the wavelengths required to accurately simulate a solar sp..

Apparatus and Method for Maximizing Power Delivered by a Photovoltaic Array

U.S. Patent 5,747,967 Technology Description A method and apparatus for maximizing the electric power output of a photovoltaic array connected to a battery where the voltage across the photovolta..

Apparatus for Measuring Minority Carrier Lifetimes in Semiconductor Materials

Technology Description An apparatus for determining the minority carrier lifetime of a semiconductor sample includes a positioner for moving the sample relative to a coil. The coil is connected to a b..

Apparatus and Method for Measuring the Thickness of a Semiconductor Wafer

U.S. Patent 5,396,332 Technology Description Apparatus for measuring thicknesses of semiconductor wafers, comprising: housing means for supporting a wafer in a light-tight environment; a light so..

Apparatus and Method for Measuring Minority Carrier Lifetimes in Semiconductor Materials

U.S. Patent 6,275,060 Technology Description An apparatus for determining the minority carrier lifetime of a semiconductor sample includes a positioner for moving the sample relative to a coil. The co..

Formation Of A Nano-Scale Catalyst Phase in SOFC Anodes via Controlled Precipitation

INVENTION: A new method for introducing Ni or another electrocatalyst phase (e.g. Ru) only in the anode active layer, after high temperature firing. The process provides well dispersed nano-scale cata..

Electron-Blocking Layer / Hole-Transport Layer For Organic Photovoltaics

INVENTION: An electron-blocking / hole transport layer has been developed for organic photovoltaics. The overall power conversion efficiency of MDMO-PPV:PCBM and P3HT:PCBM active layer devices exhibit..

Mixed-phase nano-structured TiO2 composite photocatalyst for energy and energy efficiency applications

INVENTION: Northwestern scientists chemists have designed, synthesized and tested a highly active mixed-phase nano-structured titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite, which shows significantly enhanced..

Atomic Force Photovoltaic Microscopy (27148)

INVENTOR: Mark Hersam and Benjamin Leever INVENTION: An atomic force photovoltaic microscope (AFPM) has been developed to characterize spatially localized inhomogeneities in organic photovoltaic (O..

Nano-patterning with Nanospheres (28079)

INVENTION: The invention is a low-cost, "maskless" photolithography method to produce highly uniform arrays of nanopillars and nanoholes over a large area. The invention has the following advantages o..

Solar Cells Incorporating Light Harvesting Arrays

A solar cell incorporates a light harvesting array that comprises: (a) a first substrate comprising a first electrode; and (b) a layer of light harvesting rods electrically coupled to the first electr..

Electrical Current Generation at a Water-Surface Interface Using Radiant Energy

Introduction Using light from the sun, plants are able to harness the energy of a light-induced charge separation in water and redirect it for their own needs during photosynthesis. If such a process ..

Nanocomposite Photovoltaic Cell

Introduction Photovoltaic cells based on polymer semiconductors are of great interest as a low cost approach to solar energy conversion into electricity. The most efficient polymer solar cells are bas..

Polymer Solar Cells using Self-Assembled Monolayer modified Zinc Oxide/Metal as Cathodes

Introduction Conjugated polymer-based organic solar cells are considered an essential source of inexpensive renewable energy due to their advantages of being fabricated by low-cost and large-area prin..

Chemical Vapor Deposition of Fluorine-Doped Zinc Oxide

Summary Films of fluorine-doped zinc oxide are deposited from vaporized precursor compounds comprising a chelate of a dialkylzinc, an oxygen source, and a fluorine source. For example, a vapor mixture..

Advanced Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC): Flexible Film and Glass

Introduction Solar power is becoming more and more important with the increasing global effort to reduce petroleum consumption and is already vitally important as the planet’s primary source of ener..

Highly Efficient Fuel Cell

The Invention The new type of fuel cell utilizes a unique nano-porous proton conducting membrane and improved fuel cell components including improved anodic and cathodic catalysts, membrane electrode..

Highly Efficient Hybrid Bio-Seminconductor Photovoltaic Device

The Invention A novel device for photovoltaic conversion which consists of an oriented photoactive monolayer bound to a bottom metal electrode and a top transparent electrode. The photoactive compo..

Monolithic Multi-Color Light Emission/Detection Device

A single-crystal, monolithic, tandem, multi-color optical transceiver device is described, including (a) an InP substrate having upper and lower surfaces, (b) a first junction on the upper surface of ..

Monolithic Tandem Solar Cells

A single-crystal, monolithic, tandem, photovoltaic solar cell is described which includes (a) an InP substrate having upper and lower surfaces, (b) a first photoactive subcell on the upper surface of ..

Multi-Junction, Monolithic Solar Cell Using Low-Band-Gap Materials Lattice-Matched to GaAs or Ge

A multi-junction, monolithic, photovoltaic solar cell device is provided for converting solar radiation to photocurrent and photovoltage with improved efficiency. The solar cell device comprises a plu..

Multi-junction solar cell device

A multi-junction solar cell device (10) is provided. The multi-junction solar cell device (10) comprises either two or three active solar cells connected in series in a monolithic structure. The multi..

Nanostructures Produced by Phase-Separation during Growth of (III-V).sub.1-x(IV.sub.2).sub.x Alloys

Nanostructures (18) and methods for production thereof by phase separation during metal organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE). An embodiment of one of the methods may comprise providing a growth surface..

Optical Method for Determining the Doping Depth Profile in Silicon U.S. Patent 7,179,665

A method of processing a sample, comprising the steps of: introducing dopant into a sample thereby producing a doped sample; producing a healed sampled including a doping density profile in response t..

Optical Processing Furnace with Quartz Muffle and Diffuser Plate

An optical furnace for annealing a process wafer comprising a source of optical energy, a quartz muffle having a door to hold the wafer for processing, and a quartz diffuser plate to diffuse the light..

Optical System for Determining Physical Characteristics of a Solar Cell

The invention provides an improved optical system for determining the physical characteristics of a solar cell. The system comprises a lamp means for projecting light in a wide solid-angle onto the su..

Passivating Etchants for Metallic Particles

The present invention provides a process for etching a corrosion layer, such as oxide or hydroxide, from and concomitantly forming a passivating layer on the surface of metallic nanoparticles. A react..

Photovoltaic Devices Comprising Cadmium Stannate Transparent Conducting Films and Method for Making

A photovoltaic device having a substrate, a layer of Cd.sub.2 SnO.sub.4 disposed on said substrate as a front contact, a thin film comprising two or more layers of semiconductor materials disposed on ..

Photovoltaic Devices Comprising Zinc Stannate Buffer Layer and Method for Making

A photovoltaic device has a buffer layer zinc stannate Zn.sub.2 SnO.sub.4 disposed between the semiconductor junction structure and the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer to prevent formation of..

Plasma and Reactive Ion Etchning to Prepare OHMIC Contacts

A method of making a low-resistance electrical contact between a metal and a layer of p-type CdTe surface by plasma etching and reactive ion etching comprising:a) placing a CdS/CdTe layer into a chamb..

Preparation of a Semiconductor Thin Film

A process for the preparation of a semiconductor film. The process comprises depositing nanoparticles of a semiconductor material onto a substrate whose surface temperature during nanoparticle deposit..

Preparation of CuInSe.sub.2 Precursors Films and Powders by Electroless Deposition

A method for electroless deposition of Cu.sub.x In.sub.y Ga.sub.z Se.sub.n (x=0-2, y=0-2, z=0-2, n=0-3) precursor films and powders onto a metallic substrate comprising:preparing an aqueous bath solut..

Preparation of Transparent Conductors, Ferroelectric Memory Materials and Ferrites

A process for the preparation by electrodeposition of metal oxide film and powder compounds for ferroelectric memory materials and ferrites wherein the metal oxide includes a plurality of metals. The ..

Process for Fabricating Polycrystalline Semiconductor Thin-Film Solar Cells, and Cells Produced Thereby

A novel, simplified method for fabricating a thin-film semiconductor heterojunction photovoltaic device includes initial steps of depositing a layer of cadmium stannate and a layer of zinc stannate on..

Process for Polycrystalline Film Silicon Growth

A process for depositing polycrystalline silicon on substrates, including foreign substrates, occurs in a chamber at about atmospheric pressure, wherein a temperature gradient is formed, and both the ..

Process for Producing Cadmium Sulfide on a Cadmium Telluride Surface

A process for producing a layer of cadmium sulfide on a cadmium telluride surface to be employed in a photovoltaic device. The process comprises providing a cadmium telluride surface which is exposed ..

Processing Approach Towards The Formation Of Thin-Film CU(IN,GA)SE2

A two-stage method of producing thin-films of group IB-IIIA-VIA on a substrate for semiconductor device applications includes a first stage of depositing an amorphous group IB-IIIA-VIA precursor onto ..

Production of Films and Powders for Semiconductor Device Applications

A process for chemical bath deposition of selenide and sulfide salts as films and powders employable as precursors for the fabrication of solar cell devices. The films and powders include (1) Cu.sub.x..

Radio Frequency Coupling Apparatus and Method for Measuring Minority Carrier Lifetimes in Semiconductor Materials

An apparatus for measuring the minority carrier lifetime of a semiconductor sample using radio-frequency coupling. The measuring apparatus includes an antenna that is positioned a coupling distance fr..

Rapid Low-Temperature Epitaxial Growth Using a Hot-Element Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Process

The invention provides a process for depositing an epitaxial layer on a crystalline substrate, comprising the steps of providing a chamber having an element capable of heating, introducing the substra..

Reactive Codoping of GaAlInP Compound Semiconductors

A GaAlInP compound semiconductor and a method of producing a GaAlInP compound semiconductor are provided. The apparatus and method comprises a GaAs crystal substrate in a metal organic vapor depositio..

Recrystallization Method to Selenization of Thin-Film Cu(In,Ga)Se.sub.2 for Semiconductor Device Applications

A process for fabricating slightly Cu-poor thin-films of Cu(In,Ga)Se.sub.2 on a substrate for semiconductor device applications includes the steps of forming initially a slightly Cu-rich, phase separa..

Molecular Assemblies as Protective Barriers and Adhesion Promotion Interlayer

A protective diffusion barrier having adhesive qualifies for metalized surfaces is provided by a passivating agent having the formula HS--(CH.sub.2).sub.11 --COOH Which forms a very dense, transparent..

Method of Preparing Nitrogen Containing Semiconductor Material

A method of combining group III elements with group V elements that incorporates at least nitrogen from a nitrogen halide for use in semiconductors and in particular semiconductors in photovoltaic cel..

Method of Fabricating High-Efficiency Cu(In, Ga)Se.sub.2 Thin Films for Solar Cells

A process for producing a slightly Cu-poor thin film of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S).sub.2 comprises depositing a first layer of (In,Ga).sub.x (Se,S).sub.y followed by depositing just enough Cu+(Se,S) or Cu.sub.x ..

Method for Processing Silicon Solar Cells

The instant invention teaches a novel method for fabricating silicon solar cells utilizing concentrated solar radiation. The solar radiation is concentrated by use of a solar furnace which is used to ..

Method for Preparing Homogeneous Single Crystal Ternary III-V Alloys

A method for producing homogeneous, single-crystal III-V ternary alloys of high crystal perfection using a floating crucible system in which the outer crucible holds a ternary alloy of the composition..

Method for Improving the Stability of Amorphous Silicon

A method of producing a metastable degradation resistant amorphous hydrogenated silicon film is provided, which comprises the steps of growing a hydrogenated amorphous silicon film, the film having an..

Method and Apparatus for Simulating Atmospheric Absorption of Solar Energy Due to Water Vapor and CO.sub.2

A method and apparatus for improving the accuracy of the simulation of sunlight reaching the earth's surface includes a relatively small heated chamber having an optical inlet and an optical outlet, t..

Method and Apparatus for Measuring Spatial Uniformity of Radiation

A method and apparatus for measuring the spatial uniformity of the intensity of a radiation beam from a radiation source based on a single sampling time and/or a single pulse of radiation. The measuri..

Method and Apparatus for Forming High-Critical-Temperatures Superconducting Layers on Flat and/or Elongated Substrates

An elongated, flexible superconductive wire or strip is fabricated by pulling it through and out of a melt of metal oxide material at a rate conducive to forming a crystalline coating of superconducti..

Method and apparatus for forming conformal SiN.sub.x films

A silicon nitride film formation method includes: heating a substrate to be subjected to film formation to a substrate temperature; heating a wire to a wire temperature; supplying silane, ammonia, and..

Method and Apparatus for Fabricating a Thin-Film Solar Cell Utilizing a Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition Technique

A thin-film solar cell is provided. The thin-film solar cell comprises an a-SiGe:H (1.6 eV) n-i-p solar cell having a deposition rate of at least ten (10) .ANG./second for the a-SiGe:H intrinsic layer..

Method and Apparatus for Differential Spectroscopic Atomic Imaging Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

A Method and apparatus for differential spectroscopic atomic-imaging is disclosed for spatial resolution and imaging for display not only individual atoms on a sample surface, but also bonding and the..

Metal processing for impurity gettering in silicon

A method is provided for gettering impurities from silicon wafers and devices to improve the quality of the material and the device performance. The wafer or the device is coated on the back-side with..

Low-Band Gap Double-Heterostructure InAsP/GaInAs Photovoltaic Converters

A low-bandgap, double-heterostructure PV device is provided, including in optical alignment a first InP.sub.1-y As.sub.y n-layer formed with an n-type dopant, an Ga.sub.x In.sub.1-x As absorber layer,..

Isoelectronic Co-doping

Isoelectronic co-doping of semiconductor compounds and alloys with deep acceptors and deep donors is used to decrease bandgap, to increase concentration of the dopant constituents in the resulting all..

Ion-Beam Treatment to Prepare Surfaces of p-CdTe Films

A method of making a low-resistance electrical contact between a p-CdTe layer and outer contact layers by ion beam processing comprising:a) placing a CdS/CdTe device into a chamber and evacuating the ..

Shallow Melt Apparatus for Semicontinuous Czochralski Crystal Growth

The present invention relates to growing crystals without encountering the problems normally associated with conventional Czochralski crystal growth of: strong melt convection that causes deteriorated..

Single-Junction Solar Cells with the Optium Band Gap for Terrestrial Concentrator Applications

A single-junction solar cell having the ideal band gap for terrestrial concentrator applications. Computer modeling studies of single-junction solar cells have shown that the presence of absorption ba..

Solar-Thermal Fluid-Wall Reaction Processing

The present invention provides a method for carrying out high temperature thermal dissociation reactions requiring rapid-heating and short residence times using solar energy. In particular, the presen..

Solar Thermal Aerosol Flow Reaction Process

Solution Synthesis of Mixed-Metal Chalcogenide Nanoparticles and Spray Deposition of Precursor Films

A colloidal suspension comprising metal chalcogenide nanoparticles and a volatile capping agent. The colloidal suspension is made by reacting a metal salt with a chalcogenide salt in an organic solven..

Stacked Switchable Element and Diode Combination

A device (10) comprises a semiconductor diode (12) and a switchable element (14) positioned in stacked adjacent relationship so that the semiconductor diode (12) and the switchable element (14) are el..

Substrate for Thin Silicon Solar Cells

A photovoltaic device for converting solar energy into electrical signals comprises a substrate, a layer of photoconductive semiconductor material grown on said substrate, wherein the substrate compri..

System for Characterizing Semiconductor Materials and Photovoltaic Device

Apparatus for detecting and mapping defects in the surfaces of polycrystalline material in a manner that distinguishes dislocation pits from grain boundaries includes a first laser of a first waveleng..

Substrate Structures for InP-Based Devices

A substrate structure for an InP-based semiconductor device having an InP based film is disclosed. The substrate structure includes a substrate region having a lightweight bulk substrate and an upper ..

System for Charactrizing Semiconductor Materials and Photovoltaic Devices Through Calibration

A method and apparatus for measuring characteristics of a piece of material, typically semiconductor materials including photovoltaic devices. The characteristics may include dislocation defect densit..

System for Monitoring the Growth of Crystalline Films on Stationary Substrates

A system for monitoring the growth of crystalline films on stationary or rotating substrates includes a combination of some or all of the elements including a photodiode sensor for detecting the inten..

Thin-Film Solar Cell Fabricated on a Flexible Metallic Substrate

A thin-film solar cell (10) is provided. The thin-film solar cell (10) comprises a flexible metallic substrate (12) having a first surface and a second surface. A back metal contact layer (16) is depo..

Interdigitalized Photovoltaic Power Conversion Device

A photovoltaic power conversion device has a top surface adapted to receive impinging radiation. The device includes at least two adjacent, serially connected cells. Each cell includes a semi-insulati..

Impurity Gettering in Semiconductors

A process for impurity gettering in a semiconductor substrate or device such as a silicon substrate or device. The process comprises hydrogenating the substrate or device at the back side thereof with..

High Efficiency Low Cost Thin Film Silicon Solar Cell Design and Method For Making

A semiconductor device having a substrate, a conductive intermediate layer deposited onto said substrate, wherein the intermediate layer serves as a back electrode, an optical reflector, and an interf..

High Carrier Concentration P-Type Transparent Conducting Oxide Films

A p-type transparent conducting oxide film is provided which is consisting essentially of, the transparent conducting oxide and a molecular doping source, the oxide and doping source grown under condi..

Heterojunction Solar Cell with Passivated Emitter Surface

A high-efficiency heterojunction solar cell wherein a thin emitter layer (preferably Ga.sub.0.52 In.sub.0.48 P) forms a heterojunction with a GaAs absorber layer. A passivating window layer of defined..

Heterojunction Solar Cell

A high-efficiency single heterojunction solar cell wherein a thin emitter layer (preferably Ga.sub.0.52 In.sub.0.48 P) forms a heterojunction with a GaAs absorber layer. The conversion effiency of the..

Fabrication of Optically Reflecting Ohmic Contacts for Semiconductor Devices

A method is provided to produce a low-resistivity ohmic contact having high optical reflectivity on one side of a semiconductor device. The contact is formed by coating the semiconductor substrate wit..

Enhanced Quality Thin Film Cu(In,Ga)Se.sub.2 for Semiconductor Device Applications by Vapor-Phase Recrystallization

Enhanced quality thin films of Cu.sub.w (In,Ga.sub.y)Se.sub.z for semiconductor device applications are fabricated by initially forming a Cu-rich, phase-separated compound mixture comprising Cu(In,Ga)..

Electro-deposition of Superconductor Oxide Films

Methods for preparing high quality superconducting oxide precursors which are well suited for further oxidation and annealing to form superconducting oxide films. The method comprises forming a multil..

Electrochromic Counter Electrode

The present invention discloses an amorphous material comprising nickel oxide doped with tantalum that is an anodically coloring electrochromic material. The material of the present invention is prepa..

Electrical Isolation of Component Cells in Monolithically Interconnected Modules

A monolithically interconnected photovoltaic module having cells which are electrically connected which comprises a substrate, a plurality of cells formed over the substrate, each cell including a pri..

Durable Metallized Polymer Mirror

A metallized polymer mirror construction having improved durability against delamination and tunneling, comprising: an outer layer of polymeric material; a metal oxide layer underlying the outer layer..

Durable Corrosion and Ultraviolet-Resistant Silver Mirror

This invention relates to specular silver mirrors. More particularly, it relates to a durable corrosion and ultraviolet-resistant silver mirror for use in solar reflectors. Specifically, a corrosion a..

Dry Texturing of Solar Cells

A textured backside of a semiconductor device for increasing light scattering and absorption in a semiconductor substrate is accomplished by applying infrared radiation to the front side of a semicond..

Deposition of Device Quality, Low Hydrogen Content, Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon at High Deposition Rates with Increased Stability Using the Hot Wire Filament Technique

A method or producing hydrogenated amorphous silicon on a substrate, comprising the steps of: positioning the substrate in a deposition chamber at a distance of about 0.5 to 3.0 cm from a heatable fil..

Deposition of Device Quality, Low Hydrogen Content, Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon at High Deposition Rates

A method of fabricating device quality, thin-film a-Si:H for use as semiconductor material in photovoltaic and other devices, comprising in any order; positioning a substrate in a vacuum chamber adjac..

Deposition of Device Quality, Low Hydrogen Content, Amorphous Silicon Films by Hot Filament Technique Using (SAFE) Silicon Source Gas

A method of producing hydrogenated amorphous silicon on a substrate by flowing a stream of safe (diluted to less than 1%) silane gas past a heated filament.

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